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Ventricular septal defect: diagnosis and treatments in the neonates: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2020

Ahmed Adan ,
Loay Eleyan ,
Mariam Zaidi ,
Amr Ashry ,
Ram Dhannapuneni  and
Amer Harky Open the ORCID record for Amer Harky [Opens in a new window]
Ahmed Adan
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 3GE, UK
Loay Eleyan
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 3GE, UK
Mariam Zaidi
Affiliation:
Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Amr Ashry
Affiliation:
Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
Ram Dhannapuneni
Affiliation:
Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Amer Harky*
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 3GE, UK Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, LiverpoolL14 3PE, UK Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Amer Harky, MBChB MRCS, MSc, Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, United Kingdom. Tel: +44-151-228-4811. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background:

Medical advancements have encouraged minimally invasive surgical repair of congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defects (VSDs), and the diagnostic process can now be carried out using non-traditional techniques such as pulse oximetry. This, in turn, has improved clinical outcomes with reduced complication rates post-surgery. However, the variations in type of VSDs, age of patient, comorbidities, and access to closure devices may limit the efficacy of surgical advancements.

Methods:

Articles were identified amongst Scopus, MEDLINE, and PubMed using various relevant search strings using PRISMA guidelines. Of the 115 articles initially extracted, 10 were eventually reviewed after duplicates and irrelevant studies were removed.

Results:

Of the 24 eligible articles, 10 papers were selected for analysis. Minimally invasive approaches to VSD repair was associated with satisfactory short-term outcomes when compared to open repair. For diagnosis of congenital VSD, whilst recent advances such as pulse oximetry method and genome analysis are more sensitive, the limited availability and access to such investigatory methods must be recognised.

Conclusion:

Pulse oximetry and fetal echocardiography are established non-invasive diagnostic tools for VSD. The recent advances in minimally invasive treatment options including periventricular approach and transcatheter techniques have improved patient outcomes, yet at the expense of higher residual rates. Careful patient selection for each technique and follow-up should be planned through multidisciplinary team meetings.

Keywords

Ventricular septal defectheartinvestigationstreatmentnewborn
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 31 , Issue 5 , May 2021 , pp. 756 - 761
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

Amer Harky and Ahmed Adan have equal contributions.

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