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Paediatric cardiac rehabilitation in congenital heart disease: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2012

Ana Ubeda Tikkanen ,
Ainhoa Rodriguez Oyaga ,
Olga Arroyo Riaño ,
Enrique Maroto Álvaro  and
Jonathan Rhodes
Ana Ubeda Tikkanen*
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Childrens Hospital of Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
Ainhoa Rodriguez Oyaga
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr Esquerdo 46, 28007, Spain
Olga Arroyo Riaño
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr Esquerdo 46, 28007, Spain
Enrique Maroto Álvaro
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital Materno-Infantil Gregorio Marañón, C/ O'Donnell 48-50, 28009 Madrid, Spain
Jonathan Rhodes
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiology, Childrens Hospital of Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
*
Correspondence to: Dr A. Ubeda Tikkanen, Childrens Hospital of Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America. Tel: +1 617 817 4941; Fax: +1 617 734 9930; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Advances in medical and surgical care have contributed to an important increase in the survival rates of children with congenital heart disease. However, survivors often have decreased exercise capacity and health-related issues that affect their quality of life. Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes have been extensively studied in adults with acquired heart disease. In contrast, studies of children with congenital heart disease have been few and of limited scope. We therefore undertook a systematic review of the literature on cardiac rehabilitation in children with congenital heart disease to systematically assess the current evidence regarding the use, efficacy, benefits, and risks associated with this therapy and to identify the components of a successful programme.

Methods

We included studies that incorporated a cardiac rehabilitation programme with an exercise training component published between January, 1981 and November, 2010 in patients under 18 years of age.

Results

A total of 16 clinical studies were found and were the focus of this review. Heterogeneous methodology and variable quality was observed. Aerobic and resistance training was the core component of most studies. Diverse variables were used to quantify outcomes. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes in the paediatric population are greatly underutilised, and clinical research on this promising form of therapy has been limited. Questions remain regarding the optimal structure and efficacy of the programmes. The complex needs of this unique population also mandate that additional outcome measures, beyond serial cardiopulmonary exercise testing, be identified and studied.

Keywords

Exercisequality of lifechildren
Type
Review Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , June 2012 , pp. 241 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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