Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T05:50:47.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Novel regression equations of left ventricular dimensions in infants less than 1 year of age and premature neonates obtained from echocardiographic examination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2010

Hiroyuki Nagasawa*
Affiliation:
Department of Neonatology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
*
Correspondence to: H. Nagasawa, Department of Neonatology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, 500-8717 Noisshiki 4-6-1 Gifu, Gifu, Japan. Tel: +81 58 246 1111; Fax: +81 58 247 3748; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Background

Many studies have reported on the estimation of the development of left ventricular dimensions in children by using two-dimensional echocardiography and formulated equations to evaluate normal cardiac dimensions. We reported that height is the most simple and useful index to evaluate the normal dimensions of the left ventricle in children. Disparities have been detected between the “normal” dimensions estimated from these formulae and real dimensions in infants less than 1 year of age and neonates, by using body weight or body surface area as an index. Our objective is to assess the normal size of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in infants less than 1 year of age and neonates, including premature neonates, by two-dimensional echocardiography by using height as an index.

Methods and results

The study group consisted of 243 infants, 123 males, and 120 females without congenital cardiac disease. The regression equation for the relationship between left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (Y) and height was Y (millimetre) = 0.352 × height (centimetre) + 1.86 in mature neonates and infants with height of less than 75 centimetres, whereas that in premature neonates was Y (millimetre) = 0.495 × height (centimetre) − 5.43. No significant differences were observed in the infants on the basis of sex.

Conclusions

The regression equations reported in the previous studies cannot be applied to data obtained from infants. In addition, three different formulae, one for each group of infants by using height as an index can be usefully applied for practical purposes.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Nagasawa, H, Arakaki, Y, Yamada, O, Nakajima, T, Kamiya, T. Longitudinal observations of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in children using echocardiography. Pediatr Cardiol 1996; 17: 169174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Du Boit, D, Du Boit, EF. Clinical calorimetry. X. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med 1916; 17: 863871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Snedecor, GW, Cochran, WG. Statistical Methods, 6th edn. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1967, pp 419446.Google Scholar
4. Gutgesell, HP, Paquet, M, Duff, DF, McNamara, DG. Evaluation of left ventricular size and function by echocardiography. Results in normal children. Circulation 1977; 56: 457462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Henry, WL, Ware, J, Gardin, JM, Hepner, SI, McKay, J, Weiner, M. Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects. Growth-related changes that occur between infancy and early adulthood. Circulation 1978; 57: 278285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Pearlman, JD, Triulzi, MO, King, ME, Newell, J, Weyman, AE. Limits of normal left ventricular dimensions in growth and development: analysis of dimensions and variance in the two-dimensional echocardiograms of 268 normal healthy subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12: 14321441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Imai, T, Satomi, G, Yasukochi, S, et al. Normal value for cardiac and great arterial dimensions in premature infants by cross-sectional echocardiography. Cardiol Young 1995; 5: 319325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Nidorf, SM, Picard, MH, Triuzi, MO, et al. New perspectives in the assessment of cardiac chamber dimensions during development and adulthood. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 983988.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Nagasawa, H, Arakaki, Y. Identification of gender differences in the thickness of the left ventricular wall by echocardiography in children. Cardiol Young 2002; 12: 3743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed