Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T07:27:39.518Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

At what level of blood pressure should hypertension be defined in children?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2009

Manish D. Sinha*
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
Christopher J. D. Reid
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
*
Correspondence to: Dr Manish D Sinha, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Room 64, Sky Level, Evelina Children’s Hospital, Guys & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0)20 7188 4587; Fax: +44 (0)20 7188 4591; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Marras, AR, Bassareo, PP, Ruscazio, M. The prevalence of paediatric hypertension, emphasising the need to use specific population references: the Sardinian Hypertensive Adolescents Research Programme Study. Cardiol Young 2009; 19: 233238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 555576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Menghetti, E, Virdis, R, Strambi, M, et al. on behalf of the ‘Study Group on Hypertension’ of the ‘Italian Society of Pediatrics’. Blood pressure in childhood and adolescence: the Italian normal standards. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 13631372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Marras, AR, Bassareo, PP, Ruscazio, M. The relationship of longitudinal screening of blood pressure in school-aged children in Sardinia with excessive weight. Cardiol Young 2009; 19: 239243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Voors, AW, Webber, LS, Berenson, GS. Relationship of blood pressure levels to height and weight in children. J Cardiovasc Med 1978; 3: 911918.Google Scholar
6. Chobanian, AV, Bakris, GL, Black, HR, Cushman, WC, Green, LA, Izzo, JL Jr. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289: 25602572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. De Man, SA, Andre, J-L, Bachmann, H, et al. Blood pressure in childhood: pooled findings of six European studies. J Hypertens 1991; 9: 109114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Ogden, CL, Kuczmarski, RJ, Flegal, KM, et al. Centers for disease control and prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 national center for health statistics version. Pediatr 2002; 109: 4560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Ogden, CL, Flegal, KM, Carroll, MD, Johnson, CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents. JAMA 2002; 288: 17281732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Luepker, RV, Jacobs, DR, Prineas, RJ, Sinaiko, AR. Secular trends of blood pressure and body size in a multi-ethnic adolescent population:1986 to 1996. J Pediatr 1999; 134: 668674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Muntner, P, He, J, Cutler, JA, Wildman, RP, Whelton, PK. Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents. JAMA 2004; 291: 21072113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Lurbe, E, Sorof, JR, Daniels, SR. Clinical and research aspects of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children. J Pediatr 2004; 144: 716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Cairella, G, Menghetti, E, Scanu, A, et al. Elevated blood pressure in adolescents from Rome, Italy. Nutritional risk factors and physical activity. Ann Ig 2007; 19: 203214.Google ScholarPubMed
14. Lobstein, T, Baur, L, Uauy, R; International Obesity TaskForce. Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Obes Rev 2004; 5 (Suppl 1): S4S104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Genovesi, S, Giussani, M, Pieruzzi, F, et al. Results of blood pressure screening in a population of school-aged children in the province of Milan: role of overweight. J Hypertens 2005; 23: 493497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Sorof, JM, Lai, D, Turner, J, Poffenbarger, T, Portman, RJ. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 475482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Chiolero, A, Madeleine, G, Gabriel, A, Burnier, M, Paccaud, F, Bovet, P. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with overweight in children of a rapidly developing country. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 21: 120127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Dasgupta, K, O’Loughlin, J, Chen, S, et al. Emergence of sex differences in prevalence of high systolic blood pressure: analysis of a longitudinal adolescent cohort. Circulation 2006; 114: 26632670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Sinha, MD, Reid, CJD. Evaluation of blood pressure in children. Curr Opin in Nephrol Hypertens 2007; 16: 577584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. McNiece, KL, Gupta-Malhotra, M, Samuels, J, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive adolescents: analysis of risk by 2004 National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group staging criteria. Hypertension 2007; 50: 392395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Hanevold, C, Waller, J, Daniels, S, Portman, R, Sorof, J; International Pediatric Hypertension Association. The effects of obesity, gender, and ethnic group on left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in hypertensive children: a collaborative study of the International Pediatric Hypertension Association. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 328333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Sorof, JM, Cardwell, G, Franco, K, Portman, RJ. Ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricular mass index in hypertensive children. Hypertension 2002; 39: 903908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed