Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T11:02:58.051Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Assessment and management of the failing heart in children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2008

Beth D. Kaufman*
Affiliation:
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Robert E. Shaddy
Affiliation:
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Girish S. Shirali
Affiliation:
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
Ronn Tanel
Affiliation:
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Jeffrey A. Towbin
Affiliation:
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
*
Correspondence to: Beth D. Kaufman, MD, Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiomyopathy and Heart Transplant Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Room 8NW81, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, United States of America. Tel: 267-426-5700; Fax: 215-590-1340; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Hunt, SA, Abraham, WT, Chin, MH, ACC/AHA. 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult-Summary Article A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 11161143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Rosenthal, D, Chrisant, MR, Edens, E, et al. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Practice guidelines for management of heart failure in children. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004; 23: 13131333.Google Scholar
3.Shaddy, RE, Tani, LY. Chronic congestive heart failure. In: Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes T, (eds). Moss and Adams’ Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents, Including the Fetus and Young Adult, 7th Edition. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2007, pp 14951504.Google Scholar
4.Towbin, JA. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy: there is a specific matrix destruction in the course of the disease. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 2006; 55: 219250.Google Scholar
5.Bowles, NE, Bowles, KR, Towbin, JA. Viral genomic detection and outcome in myocarditis. Heart Failure Clin 2005; 1: 407417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Aretz, HT. Myocarditis: the Dallas criteria. Hum Pathol 1987; 18: 619624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Hauck, AJ, Kearney, DL, Edwards, WD. Evaluation of postmortem endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 38 patients with lymphocytic myocarditis: Implications for role of sampling error. Mayo Clin Proc 1989; 64: 12351245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Cooper, LT, Baughman, K, Feldman, AM, et al. The role of endomayocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and European Society of Cardiology, Endorsed by the Japanese Circulation Society and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 2007; 116: 22162233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Bowles, NE, Ni, J, Kearney, DL, et al. Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction: evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 466472.Google Scholar
10.Mason, JW, O’Connell, JB, Herskowitz, A, et al. . and the Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators. A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 269275.Google Scholar
11.Coleman, HN III, Taylor, RR, Pool, PE, et al. Congestive heart failure following chronic tachycardia. Am Heart J 1971; 81: 790798.Google Scholar
12.Kugler, JD, Baisch, SD, Cheatham, JP, et al. Improvement of left ventricular dysfunction after control of persistent tachycardia. J Pediatrics 1984; 105: 543548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Gillette, PC, Smith, RT, Garson, A Jr, et al. Chronic supraventricular tachycardia: a curable cause of congestive cardiomyopathy. JAMA 1985; 253: 391392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Spinale, FG, Fulbright, BM, Mukherjee, R, et al. Relation between ventricular and myocyte function with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 1992; 71: 174187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Tantengco, MV, Thomas, RL, Karpawich, PP. Left ventricular dysfunction after long-term right ventricular apical pacing in the young. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 20932100.Google Scholar
16.Thambo, JB, Bordachar, P, Garrigue, S, et al. Detrimental ventricular remodeling in patients with congenital complete heart block and chronic right ventricular apical pacing. Circulation 2004; 110: 37663772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Sweeney, MO, Hellkamp, AS, Ellenbogen, KA, et al. Mode Selection Trial Investigators. Adverse effect of ventricular pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation among patients with normal baseline QRS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfunction. Circulation 2003; 107: 29322937.Google Scholar
18.Wilkoff, BL, Cook, JR, Epstein, AE, et al. Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator Trial Investigators. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 31153123.Google ScholarPubMed
19.The DAVID Trial Investigators. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator. JAMA 2002; 288: 31153123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Moak, JP, Barron, KS, Hougen, TJ, et al. Congenital heart block: development of late-onset cardiomyopathy, a previously underappreciated sequela. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 238242.Google Scholar
21.Udink ten Cate, FE, Breur, JM, Cohen, MI, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy in isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block: early and long-term risk in children. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 11291134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Eronen, M. Long-term outcome of children with complete heart block diagnosed after the newborn period. Pediatr Cardiol 2001; 22: 133137.Google Scholar
23.Lipshultz, SE, Easley, KA, Orav, EJ, et al. Reliability of multicenter pediatric echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular structure and function: the prospective P(2)C(2) HIV study. Circulation 2001; 104: 310316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Towbin, JA, Lowe, AM, Colan, SD, et al. Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children. JAMA 2006; 296: 18671876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Jenkins, C, Bricknell, K, Chan, J, Hanekom, L, Marwick, TH. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional echocardiography with sequential magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating left ventricular volume and ejection fraction over time in patients with healed myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 300306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Eidem, BW, O’Leary, PW, Tei, C, Seward, JB. Usefulness of the myocardial performance index for assessing right ventricular function in congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 654658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.McMahon, CJ NSEapen, RS, et al. Echoacardiographic predictors of adverse clinical events in children with dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective clinical study. Heart 2004; 90: 908915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Chung, N, Nishimura, RA, Holmes, DR Jr, Tajik, AJ. Measurement of left ventricular dp/dt by simultaneous Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1992; 5: 147152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Tournoux, FB, Alabiad, C, Fan, D, et al. Echocardiographic measures of acute haemodynamic response after cardiac resynchronization therapy predict long-term clinical outcome. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 11431148.Google Scholar
30.Kolias, TJ, Aaronson, KD, Armstrong, WF. Doppler-derived dP/dt and -dP/dt predict survival in congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 15941599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Borlaug, BA, Melenovsky, V, Redfield, MM, et al. Impact of arterial load and loading sequence on left ventricular tissue velocities in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 15701577.Google Scholar
32.Dincer, I, Kumbasar, D, Nergisoglu, G, et al. Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with Doppler tissue imaging: effects of preload and place of measurements. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2002; 18: 155160.Google Scholar
33.Duan, YY, Harada, K, Toyono, M, Ishii, H, Tamura, M, Takada, G. Effects of acute preload reduction on myocardial velocity during isovolumic contraction and myocardial acceleration in pediatric patients. Pediatr Cardiol 2006; 27: 3236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Jacques, DC, Pinsky, MR, Severyn, D, Gorcsan, J 3rd. Influence of alterations in loading on mitral annular velocity by tissue Doppler echocardiography and its associated ability to predict filling pressures. Chest 2004; 126: 19101918.Google Scholar
35.McMahon, CJ, Nagueh, SF, Pignatelli, RH, et al. Characterization of left ventricular diastolic function by tissue Doppler imaging and clinical status in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004; 109: 17561762.Google Scholar
36.McMahon, CJ, Pignatelli, RH, Nagueh, SF, et al. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in children: characterisation of clinical status using tissue Doppler-derived indices of left ventricular diastolic relaxation. Heart 2007; 93: 676681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Corsi, C, Lang, RM, Veronesi, F, et al. Volumetric quantification of global and regional left ventricular function from real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic images. Circulation 2005; 112: 11611170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Soriano, BD, Hoch, M, Ithuralde, A, et al. Matrix-array 3-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of volumes, mass, and ejection fraction in young pediatric patients with a functional single ventricle: a comparison study with cardiac magnetic resonance. Circulation 2008; 117: 18421848.Google Scholar
39.Bu, L, Munns, S, Zhang, H, et al. Rapid full volume data acquisition by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for assessment of left ventricular indexes in children: a validation study compared with magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18: 299305.Google Scholar
40.Baker, GH, Hlavacek, AM, Chessa, KS, Fleming, DM, Shirali, GS. Left ventricular dysfunction is associated with intraventricular dyssynchrony by 3-dimensional echocardiography in children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21: 230233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Baker, GH, Flack, EC, Hlavacek, AM, et al. Variability and resource utilization of bedside three-dimensional echocardiographic quantitative measurements of left ventricular volume in congenital heart disease. Congenital Heart Dis 2006; 1: 318323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Moe, GW, Howlett, J, Januzzi, JL, Zowall, H. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide testing improves the management of patients with suspected acute heart failure: primary results of the Canadian prospective randomized multicenter IMPROVE-CHF study. Circulation 2007; 115: 31033110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43.Price, JF, Thomas, AK, Grenier, M, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide predicts adverse cardiovascular events in pediatric outpatients with chronic left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Circulation 2006; 114: 10631069.Google Scholar
44.Cardinale, D, Colombo, A, Sandri, MT, et al. Prevention of high-dose chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in high-risk patients by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Circulation 2006; 114: 24742481.Google Scholar
45.Pitt, B, Zannad, F, Remme, WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 709717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46.Pitt, B, Remme, W, Zannad, F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 13091321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47.Chan, AK, Sanderson, JE, Wang, T, et al. Aldosterone receptor antagonism induces reverse remodeling when added to angiotensin receptor blockade in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 591596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Cleland, JG, Coletta, AP, Clark, AL. Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology 2007: ALPHA, EVEREST, FUSION II, VALIDD, PARR-2, REMODEL, SPICE, COURAGE, COACH, REMADHE, pro-BNP for the evaluation of dyspnoea and THIS-diet. Eur J Heart Fail 2007; 9: 740745.Google Scholar
49.Young, JB, Abraham, WT, Stevenson, LW, Horton, DP, Elkayam, U, Bourge, RC. Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 15311540.Google Scholar
50.Jefferies, JL, Price, JF, Denfield, SW, et al. Safety and efficacy of nesiritide in pediatric heart failure. J Card Fail 2007; 13: 541548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Shaddy, RE, Boucek, MM, Hsu, DT, et al. Carvedilol for children and adolescents with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007; 298: 11711179.Google Scholar
52.Kass, DA. An epidemic of dyssynchrony: but what does it mean? J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 1217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Beshai, JF, Grimm, RA, Nagueh, SF, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with narrow QRS complexes. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 24612471.Google Scholar
54.Lindenfeld, J, Feldman, AM, Saxon, L, et al. Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without a defibrillator on survival and hospitalizations in patients with New York Heart Association class IV heart failure. Circulation 2007; 115: 204212.Google Scholar
55.Feingold, B, Bowman, P, Zeevi, A, et al. Survival in allosensitized children after listing for cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26: 565571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56.Holt, DB, Lublin, DM, Phelan, DL, et al. Mortality and morbidity in pre-sensitized pediatric heart transplant recipients with a positive donor crossmatch utilizing peri-operative plasmapheresis and cytolytic therapy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26: 876882.Google Scholar
57.Pollock-BarZiv, SM, den Hollander, N, Ngan, BY, Kantor, P, McCrindle, B, Dipchand, AI. Pediatric heart transplantation in human leukocyte antigen sensitized patients: evolving management and assessment of intermediate-term outcomes in a high-risk population. Circulation 2007; 116 (11 Suppl): I172178.Google Scholar
58.Boucek, MM, Aurora, P, Edwards, LB, et al. Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: tenth official pediatric heart transplantation report--2007. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26: 796807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59.Morrow, R, Kirklin, JK. Survival after pediatric heart transplantation. In: Canter CE, Kirklin, JK (eds). ISHLT Monograph Series: Pediatric Heart Transplantation, Vol. 2. Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2007, pp 123137.Google Scholar
60.Canter, CE, Shaddy, RE, Bernstein, D, et al. Indications for heart transplantation in pediatric heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007; 115: 658676.Google Scholar
61.Casarez, TW, Perens, G, Williams, RJ, et al. Humoral rejection in pediatric orthotopic heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26: 114119.Google Scholar
62.Blume, E, Naftel, D, Bastardi, H, Duncan, B, Kirklin, J, Webber, S. Outcome of children bridged to transplant with ventricular assist devices: A multi-institutional study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24: S75S75.Google Scholar
63.West, LJ, Pollock-Barziv, SM, Dipchand, AI, et al. ABO-incompatible heart transplantation in infants. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 793800.Google Scholar
64.West, LJ, Karamlou, T, Dipchand, AI, Pollock-BarZiv, SM, Coles, JG, McCrindle, BW. Impact on outcomes after listing and transplantation, of a strategy to accept ABO blood group-incompatible donor hearts for neonates and infants. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131: 455461.Google Scholar
65.Roche, SL, Burch, M, O’Sullivan, J, et al. Multicenter experience of ABO-incompatible pediatric cardiac transplantation. Am J Transplant 2008; 8: 208215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed