A sequential procedure for the exploration of response surfaces is proposed. The procedure, which is for experiments with two factors, uses the kiss-precise configuration, i.e., the design points are on circles in mutual contact at each stage. Only three points need be added at each stage and the design points form a first-order rotatable design. A second-degree surface may be fitted when a near stationary region is reached.

On considère un opérateur U(x) qui transforme l'espace euclidien En en soimême, en général discontinu, et on étudie la convergence d'un processus itératif de la forme xp+1 = xp-μU(x) (μ est une constante numérique positive). Processus de ce type, avec U(x) discontinu, se rencontrent par exemple à l'algorithme de relaxation pour la résolution des systémes d'inéquations [1], [2], de même qu'au calcul des polynômes de la meilleure approximation sur un ensemble fini de points [3].

If f is a suitable meromorphic function, then by a classical technique in the calculus of residues, one can evaluate in closed form series of the form,

Suppose that a(n) is an arithmetical function. It is natural to ask whether or not one can evaluate by contour integration

(1.1)

where f belongs to a suitable class of meromorphic functions. We shall give here only a partial answer for a very limited class of arithmetical functions.

It is the purpose of this paper to establish oscillation criteria for second order nonlinear differential equations with retarded argument. Specifically, we consider the equation

1.1

where f ∊ C[0, + ∞) x R2, g ∊ C[0, + ∞), and

1.2

We shall restrict attention to solutions of (1.1) which exist on some ray [T, + ∞). A solution of (1.1) is called oscillatory if it has no largest zero.

Recall that a function f:X→ Yis called connected if f(C) is connected for each connected subset C of X. These functions have been extensively studied. (See Sanderson [6].) A function f:X → Y is monotone if for each y ∊ Y, f-1(y) is connected. We shall use the techniques of multivalued functions to prove that if f: X→ Y is open and monotone onto Y, then f-1(C) is connected for each connected subset C of Y. This result is used to prove that the product of semilocally connected spaces is semilocally connected and that the image of a maximally connected space under an open, connected, monotone function is maximally connected.

Let a particle move along a straight line a unit distance during every interval of time τ. During the first interval τ it moves to the right with probability ρ1 and to the left with probability ρ2 = 1 - ρ1. Thereafter at the end of each interval τ, the particle with probability p continues its motion in the same direction as in the previous step and with probability q = l - p reverses it.

In 1962, J. M. G. Fell [5] indicated the important role played by certain topological spaces which, though locally compact in a specialized sense, do not, in general, satisfy even the weakest separation axiom. He called them "locally compact". These were called "punktal kompakt" by Flachsmeyer [6] and to avoid confusion, we shall call them pointwise compact spaces.

We have an alternative proof of the following result of Kervaire [2]:

Let V→M be a real vector bundle with fibre dimension n≥4k+l over a compact 4k-manifold. Suppose V restricted to M — {x} is trivial. Choose a Riemann structure for V and an orthonormal frame for V restricted to M —{x}. Thus the obstruction to extending the frame smoothly over M is an element λ in π4k+1SO(n))≅Z. Then up to sign the evaluation of the kth Pontrayagin class Pk on M is ak(2k— 1)!. λ, where ak is 1 or 2 depending upon whether k is even or odd.

We assume throughout that (X, T, π) is a transformation group [2], where X is a topological space which is always assumed to be regular and Hausdorff. We call a point x ∊ X regular under T if for any open set U in X and any subset G of T such that , there exists an open set V containing x, such that VG ⊆ U [7]. Let R(X) denote the interior of the set of all the regular points of X under T, and I(X) the set of irregular points of X under T, that is the set of points which are not regular under T.

Let 〈x〉 be an infinite cyclic group and Ri〈x〉 its group ring over a ring (with identity) Ri, for i = l and 2. Let J(Ri) be the Jacobson radical of Ri. In this note we study the question of whether or not R1〈x〉≃R2〈x〉 implies R1≃R2. We prove that this is so if Zi the centre of Ri is semi-perfect and J(Zi〈x〉) = J(Zi〈)x〉 for i = l and 2. In particular, when Zi is perfect the second condition is satisfied and the isomorphism of group rings Ri〈x〉 implies the isomorphism of Ri.

If In, I∞ denote the intervals [0, n), [0, ∞) respectively, we propose to examine the properties of an upper and lower density

(1)

(1)

of a set S belonging to the power set of I∞ where m*,m* denote the outer and inner (linear) Lebesgue measures.

A general categorical construction is described which has as special cases the construction of the Brauer group of a field and the construction of the Witt ring of a field of characteristic ≠2.

Suppose X and F are nxn matrix solutions of the n X n matrix differential equation

(1)

such that

(2)

where J is some interval.

The central limit theorem was originally proved for independent random variables. The independence is a very strong notion and hard to check. There are various efforts to prove different theorems on independent variables (e.g. strong law of large numbers, central limit theorem, the law of iterated logarithm, convergence theorem of Kolmogorov) under weaker conditions, like mixing, martingale-difference, orthogonality. Among these concepts the weakest one is orthogonality, but this ensures only the validity of law of large numbers.

In a recent paper [3] Meir and Sharma introduced a generalization of the Sα- method of summability. The elements of their matrix, (ank), are defined by

(1)

where is a sequence of complex numbers. if 0 < αj < l for each j = 0, 1, 2,… then ank≥0 for each n = 0, 1, 2,… and k = 0,1,2,…

It is known that the Fitting length h(G) of a finite soluble group G is bounded in terms of the number v(G) of the conjugacy classes of its maximal nilpotent subgroups. For |G| odd, a bound on h(G) in terms of v(G) was discussed in Lausch and Makan [6]. In the case when the prime 2 divides |G|, a logarithmic bound on h(G) in terms of v(G) is obtained in [7]. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the Fitting length of a finite soluble group is also bounded in terms of the number of conjugacy classes of its maximal metanilpotent subgroups. In fact, our result is rather more general.

Consider a life testing experiment in which (Xl, X2,…,Xn) are such that (n—1) of them are distributed as f(x, σ)=(l/σ)e-x/σ, x ≥ σ, > 0 and one of them is distributed as f(x, σ/α), 0 < α< l. A priori each Xi has probability 1/n of being a spurious observation distributed as f (x,σ/α). For such an experiment Kale and Sinha [2] showed that if ur denotes the probability that X(r), the rth component of the order statistic, corresponds to the spurious observation, then u1 < u2 < … < un.

Let H be a Hilbert space; ( , ) and | | represent the scalar product and the norm respectively in H. Let A be a closed linear operator with domain DA dense in H and A* be its adjoint with domain DA*. DA and DA*are also Hilbert spaces under their respective graph scalar product. R(λ; A*) denotes the resolvent of A*; complex plane. We write L = D — A, L* = D — A*; D = (l/i)(d/dt).

An inverse limit of finite groups has been called in the literature a pro-finite group and we have extensive studies of profinite groups from the cohomological point of view by J. P. Serre. The general theory of non-abelian modules has not yet been developed and therefore we consider a generalization of profinite abelian groups. We study inverse systems of discrete finite length R-modules. Profinite modules are inverse limits of discrete finite length R-modules with the inverse limit topology.

This paper is a continuation of the two series, Eigenvalues of Sums I, II, III [2], [3], [4] and Singular Values of Products I, II, III [5], [6], [7].