Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T04:37:25.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Subjective Income Security of (Middle) Aging and Elderly Canadians*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Peri Ballantyne
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Victor W. Marshall
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina

Résumé

Nous avons examiné la sécurité du revenu subjective chez les Canadiens de 45 ans et plus à l'aide de données quantitatives. Nous avons étudié la relation entre les variables démographiques, socio-économiques et socio-psychologiques et la sécurité du revenu par le biais d'analyses multidimensionnelles, notamment la possibilité d'une insatisfaction à l'égard du revenu actuel ou prévu. Notre examen porte sur plusieurs résultats imprévus reliés aux effets de l'âge, de la situation maritale et du sexe sur la sécurité du revenu subjective. Cinq théories socio-psychologiques pourraient contribuer à l'explication de ces résultats: la théorie de l'aspiration, la théorie du groupe de référence, la théorie de l'équité, l'examen de la vie et la théorie de la socialisation et de l'identité. Bien que ces théories ne puissent être vérifiées en partant des données utilisées, elles fournissent une orientation de recherche éventuelle. Nous concluons que l'évaluation subjective du revenu adéquat ne doit pas constituer le fondement de l'établissement des politiques sociales de la redistribution du revenu.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R.T., Sorlie, P., Backhand, E., Johnson, N., & Kaplan, G.A. (1997). Mortality effects of community socioeconomic status. Epidemiology, 8(1), 4247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballantyne, P. (1995). Determinants of income status in old age: Gender differences across the life course. Department of Community Health, University of Toronto: Doctoral dissertation.Google Scholar
Ballantyne, P. (1999) The social determinants of health: a contribution to the analysis of gender differences in health and illness. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 27, 290295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballantyne, P., & Marshall, V.W. (1995). Wealth and the life course. In Marshall, V.W., McMullin, J., Ballantyne, P., Daciuk, J., & Wigdor, B., Contributions to independence over the adult life course. University of Toronto, Ontario: Centre for Studies of Aging.Google Scholar
Blendon, R.J., Donelan, K, Hill, C.A, Carter, W., Beatrice, D., & Altman, D. (1994). Paying medical bills in the United States. Why health insurance isn't enough. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 278281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, R. (1963). The life review: an interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Inter-Personal Processes, 26, 6576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, A., Converse, P.E., & Rodgers, W.L. (1976). The quality of American life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Crystal, S. (1986). Measuring income and inequality among the elderly. The Gerontologist, 26, 5659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davey, A., & Norris, J.E. (1998). Social networks and exchange norms across the adult life-span. Canadian Journal on Aging, 17(2), 212233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easterlin, R.A., & Schaeffer, C.M. (1999). Income and subjective well-being over the life cycle. In Ryff, C. & Marshall, V.W. (Eds.), The self in society in aging processes. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Economic Council of Canada. (1990). Employment in the service economy. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services.Google Scholar
George, L.K. (1981). Subjective well-being: conceptual and methodological issues. Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
George, L.K (1992). Economic status and subjective well-being: a review of the literature and an agenda for future research. In Cutler, N.E., Gregg, D.W., & Lawton, M.P. (Eds.), Aging, money and life satisfaction. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
George, L.K. (1993). Financial security in later life: The subjective side. Boettner Lecture, Boettner Institute of Financial Gerontology, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
George, L.K., & Landerman, L.R. (1984). Health and subjective well-being: a replicated secondary data analysis. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 19, 133156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, L.K, Landerman, L.R., & Fillenbaum, G.G. (1982). Developing measures of functional status and service utilization: Refining and extending the OARS methodology. Durham, NC: Duke University Centre for the Study of Aging and Human Development.Google Scholar
Gorey, K.M. (1999). What is wrong with the U.S. health care system?: It does not effectively exist for one of every five Americans. The Milbank Quarterly, 77(3), 401407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardy, M.A., & Hazelrigg, L.E. (1993). The gender of poverty in an aging population. Research on Aging, 15(3), 243278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, R.J. (1986). Recent trends in the relative economic status of older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 401407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazelrigg, L.E., & Hardy, M.A. (1997). Perceived income adequacy among older adults. Research on Aging, 19(1), 69107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Health and Welfare Canada, Seniors Secretariat (1993). Ageing and independence. Overview of a National Survey. Ministry of Supply and Services Canada Cat No. H88–3/13–1993E.Google Scholar
Henretta, J., & Campbell, R. (1976). Status attainment and status maintenance: a study of stratification in old age. American Sociological Review, 41, 981992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzog, A.R., & Rodgers, W.L. (1981). Age and satisfaction: data from several large surveys. Research on Aging, 3, 142165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holden, K.C., Burkhauser, R.V., & Myers, D.A. (1986). Income transitions at older stages of life: the dynamics of poverty. The Gerontologist, 26, 292297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huyck, M.H. (1996). Continuities and discontinuities in gender identity. In Bengtson, V.L. (Ed.), Adulthood and aging. Research on continuities and discontinuities (pp. 98121). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Hyman, H.H., & Singer, E. (Eds.) (1968). Readings in reference group theory and research. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Investors Group. (1997). Investors Group / Gallup Canada Survey 1997 Feature Report. Preparing for Canada's inheritance wave. Author.Google Scholar
Marmot, M.G., Smith, G.D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C, North, F., Head, J., White, I., Bruner, E., & Feeney., A. (1991). Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall H study. Lancet, 337, 13871393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, V.W. (1980). Last chapters: A sociology of aging and dying. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Marshall, V.W. (1986). A sociological perspective on aging and dying. In Marshall, V.W. (Ed.), Later life. The social psychology of aging (pp. 125146). Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
McDonald, P.L. (1997). The invisible poor: Canada's retired widows. Canadian Journal on Aging, 16(3), 553583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, P.L., & Chen, M. (1994). The youth freeze and the retirement bulge: older workers and the impending labour shortage. In Marshall, V.W. & McPherson, B. (Eds.), Aging: Canadian perspectives. Peterborough: Broadview Press.Google Scholar
McDonough, P., Duncan, G.J., Williams, D., & House, J. (1997). Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 14761483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMullin, J., & Ballantyne, P. (1995). Employment characteristics and income: assessing gender and age group effects for Canadians aged 45 years and over. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 12(1), 529555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Advisory Council on Aging. (NACA). (1991). The economic situation of Canada's seniors. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada. Cat. No. H71–3/14–1991E.Google Scholar
National Council of Welfare. (1998). Poverty profile 1996. Minister of Public Works and Government Services in Canada 1998 Cat. No. H-67–1/4–1996E.Google Scholar
National Council of Welfare. (1999). Poverty profile 1997. Minister of Public Works and Government Services in Canada 1999 Cat. No. H67–1/4–1997E.Google Scholar
National Council on the Aging. (NCOA). (1975). The myth and reality of aging in America. Washington: Author.Google Scholar
Norusis, M.J. (1990). SPSS/PC+ advanced statistics 4.0. Chicago, Ill: SPSS Inc.Google Scholar
O'Rand, A., & Henretta, J. (1982a). Delayed career entry, industrial pension structure and early retirement in a cohort of unmarried women. American Sociological Review, 47, 365373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Rand, A., & Henretta, J. (1982b). Mid-life work history and retirement income. In Szinovacz, M. (Ed.), Women's retirement: Policy implications of recent research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
O'Rand, A., & Landerman, R. (1984). Women's and men's retirement income status: Early family role effects. Research on Aging, 6(1), 2544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmore, E.B., Burchett, B., Fillenbaum, G.G., George, L.K, & Wallman, L. (1985). Retirement: Causes and consequences. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Palmore, E.B., Fillenbaum, G.G., & George, L.K. (1984). Consequences of retirement. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 109116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Picot, G., & Myles, J. (1996). Social transfers, changing family structure and low income among children. Canadian Public Policy-Analyse de Politiques, 22(3), 244267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, C.J., & Marshall, V.W. (1986). The head of the family: Social meaning and structural variability. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 11(2), 183198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, E. (1981). Reference groups and social evaluations. InM. Rosenberg & Turner, R.H. (Eds.), Social psychology: Sociological perspectives. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Smeeding, T. (1990). Economic status of the elderly. In Binstock, R.H. & George, L.K. (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Smith, S. (1990). Women, aging and pensions: some considerations for pension reform. In Clarke, J. & Dorney, L. (Eds.), Women and aging conference. Interdisciplinary Research Seminar, Wilfrid Laurier University, Occasional Paper No. 7.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada. (1994). Pension plans in Canada January 1, 1992. Ottawa. Catalogue No. 74401.Google Scholar
Strate, J.M., & Dubnoff, S.J. (1986). How much income is enough? Measuring the income adequacy of retired persons using a survey based approach. Journal of Gerontology, 41(3), 393400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sunter, D. (1997). Youths and the labour market. Canadian Economic Observer, 10(5), 3.1–3.7.Google Scholar
Taylor, S.E., & Brown, J.D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: a social-psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, J.A., & Beller, D.J. (1989). Trends in pensions. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office.Google Scholar
Walster, E., Walster, G.W., & Berscheid, E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar