Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T04:50:56.283Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Invisible Men: Canada's Aging Homosexuals. Can They be Assimilated into Canada's “Liberated” Gay Communities?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

John Alan Lee
Affiliation:
Scarborough College, University of Toronto

Abstract

This article outlines the results of two studies 1) a qualitative study of two groups of elderly homosexuals; 2) a four-year study of the life of 54 male homosexuals, aged between 50 and 80. The data offers an explanation for the fact that liberated gay communities are not seemingly willing to make room for the elderly homosexual. The explanation suggests: there is a significant cultural difference between young and old, particularly where privacy (“intimacy”) is concerned.

Ré;sumé

Cet article présente les conclusions de deux études: la première résultait d'une observation participative de groupes d'homosexuels gés mles et femelles; la deuxième est une étude longitudinale de 54 homosexuels mles, gés de 50 à 80 ans. Les données fournissent des explications sur les difficultés rencontrées par les homosexuels gés pour former des associations communautaires de “gais libérés.” L'explication proposée suggère des différences basées sur les “générations culturelles,” gées et jeunes, différences qui portent principalement sur différentes perceptions de la vie sexuelle privée.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adelman, M. (1987). Long time passing. Boston: AlysonGoogle Scholar
Altman, D. (1971). Homosexual: Oppression and liberation. New York: DiscusGoogle Scholar
Ashfield, M. and Shamai, S.Lesbians and aging an exploration of the issues. Paper presented to the 1987 annual meeting of die Canadian Associauon on Gerontology, Calgary.Google Scholar
Atchley, R. (1977) The social forces in later life, 2nd Edition, Belmont, California: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Barbadette, G. (1981). Paris Gay 1925. Paris: Presses Renaissance.Google Scholar
Baseliner, , periodical published irregularly by the Cabbagetown Gay Softball Associauon. See Canadian Gay Archives.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, S. de. (1974). The coming of age. New York: Warner.Google Scholar
Berger, P.Invitation to sociology (1963). New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Berger, P., and Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Berger, R. (1982a). “The unseen minority—Older gays and lesbians.” Social Work 27, 3: 236–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berube, A. (1986). “Marching to a different drummer—Lesbian and gay GI's in World War Two” paper and slide show at the Gay History Conference, 1986, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Brecher, E.M. (1984). Love, sex and aging. Boston: Little BrownGoogle Scholar
Breton, R. (1964). “Institutional Completeness of Ethnic CommunitiesAmerican Journal of Sociology 70: 193205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, H. (1976). Familiar faces, hidden lives. New York: Harcourt BraceGoogle Scholar
Buder, R. (1977). “Successful aging and the role of the life review.” In Zarit, S.H., ed., Readings in Aging and Death. New York: Harper and RowGoogle Scholar
Butler, R. and Lewis, M., (1977). Aging and Mental Health. St. Louis: MosbyGoogle Scholar
Gay, Canadian Archives: Box 639, Stadon A, Toronto, Ont. Canada M5W 1G2Google Scholar
Cory, D.W. (1951). The homosexual in America. New York: paperback BooksGoogle Scholar
Coleman, E. (1987) Assessment of sexual orientation. Journal of Homosexuality 14 (1/2): 925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Culbert, S. (1970). The interpersonal process of self-disclosure. New York: RennaissanceGoogle Scholar
Dank, B. (1971). “Coming out in the gay world,” Psychiatry 34: 180197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, K. (1982). Serving the older gay community. SIECUS Report 11, 2, (Nov).Google Scholar
Dowd, J. (1986) The old person as stranger. In Marshall, Victor, ed., Later life. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Doyle, D. and Forehand, M.J. (1983) Life satisfaction and old age. Research on aging 6 (3): 170–80.Google Scholar
Francher, J. and Henkin, J. (1973). The menopausal queen; adjustment to aging and the male homosexual. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 43 (4): 670–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, John (1986). “Private Eye” Toronto Star, October 22.Google Scholar
Friedenberg, E. (1976). The disposal of liberty and other industrial wastes. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Friend, R. (1980). Gayging; adjustment and the older gay male. Alternative Lifestyles 3 (2): 231–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaser, B. and Strauss, A. (1971). Status Passage. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
GLHC (1985). Gays and Lesbians in Health Care. Toronto: Gay Archives.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Anchor.Google Scholar
Gofiman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Gofiman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Gofiman, E. (1974). Frame Analysu. New York: HarperGoogle Scholar
Goodman, P. (1973). Memoirs of an ancient activist. In Richmond, L. and Noguera, G., (eds) The gay liberation book. San Francisco: Ramparts.Google Scholar
Hammersley, Martyn, and Atkinson, Paul. (1983). Ethnography principles in practice. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Harry, J. and DeVall, W. (1978). Age and sexual culture among gay males. Archives of Sexual Behaviour 7 (3): 199209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harry, J. (1983). Decision making and age differences among gay male couples. Journal of Homosexuality 8 (2): 922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, J. and Richardson., D. (1981.) The theory and practice of homosexuality. London: Roudedge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Havighurst, R. and Glasser, R. (1972). “An exploratory study of reminiscence,” Journal of Gerontology 27 (2): 235–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, M. (1968). The gay world. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Humphreys, L. (1972). Out of the closets; the sociology of homosexual liberation. New York: Spectrum.Google Scholar
Hyde, M. (1962). The trials of Oscar Wilde. New York: Dover.Google Scholar
Isherwood, C. (1964). A single man. New York: Methuen.Google Scholar
Isherwood, C. (1976). Christopher and his kind. New York: Farrar Straus.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. (1975). Field Work. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, E. and Williamson, J., (1980). Growing old; the social probUms of aging. New York: Holt Rinehart.Google Scholar
Jourard, S. (1964). The transparent self. New York: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Kimmel, D. (1979). “Life history interviews of aging gay men.” International journal of aging and human development 10 (3): 239–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimmel, D. and Ralph, W.. (1978). “Gay People Grow Old Together: Life Histories of Aging Gay Men.” Paper at Gerontological Society, 14 October.Google Scholar
Kleinberg, S. (1977). The dying generations. Christopher Street, November 1977, 726.Google Scholar
Lambda, . Publication of the Lambda Toronto (Gay) Business Council. See Canadian Gay Archives.Google Scholar
Laner, M. (1978). “Growing older male: heterosexual and homosexual.” The Gerontologist 18: 496501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larosa, P. (1982). “Within a minority, another minority.” New York Daily News, April 16.Google Scholar
Larson, R. (1978). Thirty years of research on the subjective well-being of older Americans. Journal of Gerontology 33: 109125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, J.A. (1973). Colours of Love. Toronto: General Publishing.Google Scholar
Lee, J.A. (1977). “Going publicJournal of Homosexuality 3 (1): 4978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, J.A. (1978). Getting Sex. Toronto: General Publishing.Google Scholar
Lee, J.A. (1979). The Gay connection. Urban Life. 8 (2): 175198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J.A. (1986). Final report to the Social Science and Humanities Research Council, Grant 492 80 0009. Also available from the author.Google Scholar
Lee, J.A. (1987a) “The Invisible Lives of Canada's Gray Gays.” In Marshall, V.W. (ed), Aging in Canada: Social Perspectives. Second edition. Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside.Google Scholar
Lee, J.A. (1987b). What Can Homosexual Aging Studies Contribute to Theories of Aging? Journal of Homosexuality, 13 (4), 4372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lec, J.A. (1987c). Review of Long Time Passing. Canadian Journal on Aging, 6 (3): 250.Google Scholar
Leznoff, M, and Westley, W. (1956). “The homosexual communitySocial Problems 3: 257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, M. and Tobin, S., (1983). The experience of old age. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lofland, J. (1969). Deviance and identity, new York: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Lukes, S. (1973). Individualism. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Maclean, J. (1982). “Old and growing,” Report on the First national conference on lesbian and gay aging, The Advocate, Jan. 7, p. 15.Google Scholar
Maddox, G. (1963). “Activity and Morale — A Longitudinal StudySocial Forces 42: 195204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mannheim, Karl. (1952). “The problem of generations” (pp. 276322.) in Mannheim, K., Essays on the sociology of knowledge. London: Roudedge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
McCall, G. and Simpson, J., (1969) Issues in participant observation. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Miller, B. and Humphreys, L. (1980). Keeping in touch: maintaining contact with stigmatized subjects. In Shaffir, W., Stebbius, R. and Turowetz, A., (eds), Fieldwork experience. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Minnegerode, F.A. and Adelman, M. (1978). “Elderly homosexual women and men.” Family co-ordinator 27 (4): 451–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, S.O. (1979). “Institutional elaboration of a quasi-ethnic community.” International Review of Modern Sociobgy 9: 165–78.Google Scholar
NALGG (1981). National Association for Lesbian and Gay Gerontology, 3312 Descanso Drive, Los Angles 90026.Google Scholar
NALGG (1986). “Resource Guide: Lesbian and Gay Aging. March. 1290 Sutter Street, Suite 8, San Francisco CA 94109.Google Scholar
Palmore, E. (1968). “The effects on aging of activities and attitudes,” The Gerontobgist 8: 259–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plummer, K. (1975). Sexual Stigma. Boston: Paul.Google Scholar
Plummer, K. (1983). “Going gay”. In Hart, J. and Richardson, D., (eds) The theory and practice of homosexuality. London: Roudedge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Pope, M. and Schultz., R. “Sexual behaviour among older homosexual men.” Unpublished paper. P.O. Box 1734, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Roadburg, A. (1985). Aging: retirement, leisure and work in Canada. Toronto: Mediuen.Google Scholar
SAGE (Senior Action in a Gay Environment) Publishes Voices and odier material. 208 West 13th St., New York NY 10011.Google Scholar
Schaffer, R. (1973). Will you still love me when I'm 64? 177179 in Richmond, L. and Noguera, G., (Eds.) The Gay Liberation Book San Francisco: Ramparts.Google Scholar
Simon, W., and Gagnon., J. (1967). Homosexuality, the formulation of a sociological perspective. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 8 (5): 182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smenyak, J. (1982). “SAGE.” Mandate, March: 28–30.Google Scholar
Stoddart, K. (1986). “The presentation of everyday life. Urban Life 15 (1): 103121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tindale, Joseph A. and Marshall, Victor W., (1980) “A generational-conflict perspective for gerontology.” pp. 4350, In Marshall, V.W. (ed.), Aging in Canada. Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside.Google Scholar
Tindale, Joseph, (1987). “Age, seniority and class patterns of job strain,” pp 176–92 in Marshall, V., (ed.), Aging in Canada, 2nd edition, Toronto, Fitzhenry and Whiteside.Google Scholar
Toronto Foolscap (gay Oral History Project) Telephone 416–929–0564.Google Scholar
Unruh, D. (1983). Invisible lives. Beverly Hills: Sage.Google Scholar
Vacha, K. (1985). Quiet fires: memoirs of older gay men. Trumansbury N.Y.Crossing Press.Google Scholar
Vining, D.The advantages of age. The Advocate, March 19, 1981: 2224.Google Scholar
Warren, C. (1974). Identity and community in the gay world. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Weeks, J. (1977). Coming Out. London: Quartet.Google Scholar
Weeks, J. (1983). “The problem of older homosexuals.” pp. 177–85. In Hart, John and Richardson, D., (eds) The theory and practice of homosexuality., London: Roudedge Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Weinberg, M.S.The aging male homosexual. Medical aspects of sexuality, 3 (12) 6672.Google Scholar
Weinberg, M., and Williams, C., (1974). Male homosexuals. New York: Oxford.Google Scholar
West, D. (1968). Homosexuality. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
XTRA, (1987). Publication of the Collective of the Body Politic. Toronto: Pink Triangle Press.Google Scholar
Yellow pages (1986) The gay yellow pages telephone directory of Los Angles. Los Angeles: Yellow pages.Google Scholar