Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T16:12:16.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Family Care of the Elderly: Underlying Assumptions and their Consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Jane Aronson
Affiliation:
University of Toronto

Abstract

Through a review of the literature, this article explores the debate between the traditional perspective that conceives it as natural that families take care of their elderly members when frail or in need and an emerging critique of this view. The critique exposes the invisible divisions of caring work between men and women and between public and private arenas, and challenges the comfortable imagery of ‘family care.’ The implications of this analysis for the future are considered, both for constructive changes in social policies and for the reformulation of assumptions on which research and practice with the frail elderly and their families are based.

Résumé

Par le truchement d'une recension de la littérature spécialisée, nous examinons le débat qui oppose le point de vue traditionnel—selon lequel il semble naturel que les families prennent en charge leurs membres âgés devenus faibles ou nécessiteux—et la critique de ce point de vue. Cette dernière dénonce l'invisible partage des charges entre les hommes et les femmes ainsi qu'entre le domaine public et le domaine privé; elle remet en question l'image rassurante des «soins donnés par la famille». Nous présentons certaines implications de cette analyse pour l'avenir, tant au point de vue des changements à apporter aux mesures sociales qu'à la reformulation des présupposés sur lesquels reposent la recherche et la clinique intéressant les personnes âgées affaiblies et leurs famille.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abrarason, M. (1983). A model for organizing an ethical analysis of the discharge planning process. Social Work in Health Care, 9(1), 4552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allan, G. (1983). Informal networks of care: Issues raised by Barclay. British Journal of Social Work, 13, 417433.Google Scholar
Altergott, K. (1984). Managing interdependence: Family development policy and the care system in an aging society. In Key Papers, 20th international C.F.R. Seminar on Social Change and Family Policies. Melbourne.Google Scholar
Anderson, M. (1977). The impact on the family relationships of the elderly of changes since Victorian times in governmental income maintenance provision. In Shanas, E. & Sussman, M. (Eds.) Family, bureaucracy and the elderly. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Beland, F. (1984). The family and adults 65 years of age and over: Co-residency and availability of help. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 27(3), 302317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bengtson, V. L., & Treas, J. (1980). The changing family context of mental health and aging. In Birren, J. E. & Sloane, R. B. (Eds.) Handbook of Mental Health and Aging. Englewood Cliffs N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Google Scholar
Blaxter., M. (1976). The meaning ofdisability. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Brody, E. M. (1981). “Women in the middle” and family help to older people. Gerontologist, 21(5), 471480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, E. M., Johnsen, P. T., Fukomer, M. C. & Lany, A. M. (1983). Women's changing roles and help to elderly parents: Attitudes of three generations of women. Journal of Gerontology, 38(5), 597607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, S., Poulshock, S., & Masciocchi, C. F. (1978). The family caring unit: A major consideration in the long-term support system. Gerontologist, 18(60), 556561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, N. L. (1983). Informal support networks among the elderly. Research on Aging, 5(1), 7799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicirelli, V. G. (1983). A comparison of helping behaviour to elderly parents of adult children with intact and disrupted marriages. Gerontologist, 23(6), 619625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denton, F., & Spencer, B. (1980). Canada's population and labour force: past, present and future. In Marshall, V. W. (Ed.) Aging in Canada: Social perspectives. Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside.Google Scholar
Eichler, M. (1984). The connection between paid and unpaid labour and its implication for creating equality for women in employment Paper prepared for the Royal Commission of Inquiry on Equality in Employment.Google Scholar
Eichler, M. (1983). Families in Canada today: Recent changes and theirpolicy consequences. Toronto: Gage.Google Scholar
Family Policy Studies Centre (1984). The forgotten army: Family care and elderly people. London: Family Policy Studies Centre.Google Scholar
Finch, J., & Groves, D. (1980). Community care and the family: A case for equal opportunities? Journal of Social Policy, 9(4), 487514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Government of Canada (1982). Canadian governmental report on aging. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services.Google Scholar
Graham, H. (1983). Caring: A labour of love. In Finch, J. & Groves, D. (Eds.) A labour of love: Women, work and cring. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Hareven, T. K. (1981). Historical changes in the timing of family transitions: Their impact on generational relations. In Fogel, R. W., Hatfield, E., Keister, S. B. & Shanas, E. (Eds.). Aging: stability and change in the family. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hill, C. J. (1984). Caring for an elderly relative. Canada's Mental Health, 21(1), 1316.Google Scholar
Isaacs, B. (1971). Geriatric patients: Do their families care? British Medical Journal, 4, 282286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isaacs, B., Livingstone, M., & Neville, Y. (1972). Survival of the unfittest: A study of geriatric patients in Glasgow. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. L. & Catalano, D. J. (1983). A longitudinal study of family supports to impaired elderly. Gerontologist, 23(6), 612618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, D. A., & Vetter, N. J. (1984). A survey of those who care for the elderly at home: Their problems and needs. Social Science and Medicine, 19(5), 511514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraus, A. S. (1984). The burden of care for families of elderly persons with dementia. Canadian Journal on Aging, 5(1), 4551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, H. (1978). Who cares for the family? Journal of Social Policy, 7(3), 357384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, G., & Ellithorpe, E. (1982). Intergenerational exchange and subjective well-being among the elderly. Journal of Marriage and Family, 44(1), 217224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markson, E. W. (Ed.) (1983). Older women: Issues and prospects. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Matthews, S. H. (1979). The social world of old women: Management of seffidentity. Beverley Hills: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Minkler, M. (1983). Blaming the aged victim: The politics of scapegoating in times of fiscal conservatism. International Journal of Health Services, 13(1), 155168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neysmith, S. M. (1981). Parental care: Another female family function? Canadian Journal of Social Work Education, 7(2), 5563.Google Scholar
Nissel, M., & Bonnerjea, L. (1982). Family care of the handicapped elderly: Whopays? London: Policy Studies Institute.Google Scholar
Rimmer, L. (1983). The economics of work and caring. In Finch, J. & Groves, D. (Eds.) A labour of love: Women, work and caring. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Shanas, E. (1979). The family as a social support system in old age. Gerontologist, 19(2), 169174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silverstone, B., & Burack-Weiss, A. (1983). Social work practice with thefrail elderly and their families. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Synge, J. (1980). Work and family support patterns of the aged in the early twentieth century. In Marshall, V. W. (Ed.). Aging in Canada: Social perspectives. Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside.Google Scholar
Treas, J. (1977). Family support systems for the aged: Some social and demographic considerations. Gerontologist, 17(6), 486491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, A. (1983). Care for elderly people: A conflict between women and the state. In Finch, J. & Groves, D. (Eds.) A labour of love: Women, work and caring. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Walker, A. (1981). Community care and the elderly in Great Britain: Theory and practice. International Journal of Health Services, 11(4), 541557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, A. (Ed.) (1982). Community care: The family, the state and social policy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell and Martin Robertson.Google Scholar
West, P., Illsley, R., and Kelman, H. (1984). Public preferences for the care ofdependency groups. Social Science and Medicine, 18(4), 287295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, F. (1983). Single carers: Employment, housework and caring. In Finch, J. and Groves, D. (Eds.) A labour of love: Women, work and caring. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar