Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:21:57.472Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Disrespect and Isolation: Elder Abuse in Chinese Communities*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2010

Sandra Tam*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto
Sheila Neysmith
Affiliation:
Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto
*
Requests for offprints should be sent to: / Les demandes de tirés-à-part doivent être addressées à : Sandra H.S. Tam, MSW, PhD Candidate, Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto ON M5S 1A1. ([email protected])

Abstract

Based on a qualitative study of home care workers, this paper aims to understand elder abuse of Chinese Canadians. The findings show disrespect is the key form elder abuse takes in the Chinese community. As a culturally specific form of abuse, disrespect remains invisible under categories of elder abuse derived from a Western cultural perspective. Applying a social exclusion framework to understand the dynamic of elder abuse, we argue that as a marginalized racial minority immigrant, an elderly Chinese person's vulnerability to abuse is increased under conditions of social isolation.

Résumé

Basé sur une étude qualitative portant sur les soins à domicile, cet article vise à comprendre les mauvais traitements infligés aux sino-canadiens âgés. Les résultats montrent que, au sein de la communauté chinoise, les mauvais traitements prennent le plus souvent la forme d'un manque de respect. En tant que forme d'abus spécifique à une certaine culture, le manque de respect est un mauvais traitement qui demeure invisible lorsqu'on l'analyse dans une perspective culturelle occidentale. En nous servant d'un cadre centré sur l'exclusion sociale pour comprendre la dynamique des abus infligés aux aînés, nous soutenons que, en tant que minorité raciale d'immigrants marginalisés, les personnes âgées d'origine chinoise sont particulièrement vulnérables aux mauvais traitements dans un contexte d'isolement social.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

We thank the managers, coordinators, and staff at Carefirst Seniors and Community Services Association for initiating and supporting this research under the City of Toronto's Breaking the Cycle of Violence grants program. We also thank the anonymous reviewers whose critical assessments of earlier drafts helped us write a better paper.

References

Aitken, L., & Griffin, G. (1996). Gender issues in elder abuse. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Anetzberger, G.J., Korbin, J.E., & Tomita, S.K. (1996). Defining elder mistreatment in four ethnic groups across two generations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 11, 187212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aronson, J., & Neysmith, S.M. (1996). “You're not just in there to do work”: Depersonalizing policies and the exploitation of home care workers' labor. Gender and Society, 10(1), 5977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aronson, J., Thornewell, C., & Williams, K. (1995). Wife assault in old age: Coming out of obscurity. Canadian Journal on Aging, 14(2), 7288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackman, T. (2001). Social exclusion and social care. In Blackman, T., Brodhurst, S., Convery, J., (Eds.), Social care and social exclusion: A comparative study of older people's care in Europe. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, K.L., & Browne, C. (1998). Cultural values and caregiving patterns among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans. In Redburn, D.E. & McNamara, R.P. (Eds.), Social gerontology (pp. 155182). Westport, CT: Auburn House.Google Scholar
Brownell, P., & Podnieks, E. (2005). Long overdue recognition for the critical issue of elder abuse and neglect: A global policy and practice perspective. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5(2), 187191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J., & Piachaud, D. (2002). Introduction. In Hills, J., Le Grand, J., & Piachaud, D. (Eds.), Understanding social exclusion. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Burston, G.G. (1975). Granny bashing. British Medical Journal, 6, 592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carefirst Seniors and Community Services Association. (2002). In disguise: Elder abuse and neglect in the Chinese community. Scarborough, ON: Author.Google Scholar
Chappell, N.L. (2005). Perceived change in quality of life among Chinese Canadian seniors: The role of involvement in Chinese culture. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 6991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiu, S., & Yu, S. (2001). An excess of culture: The myth of shared care in the Chinese community in Britain. Ageing and Society, 21(6), 681699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chow, N. (2004). Asian value and aged care. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 4, S21S25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, P.H. (2000). Black feminist thought. New York: Routlege.Google Scholar
Erlingsson, C.L., Saveman, B.-I., & Berg, A.C. (2005). Perceptions of elder abuse in Sweden: Voices of older persons. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5(2), 213227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredman, S., & Spencer, S. (Eds.). (2003). Age as an equality issue: Legal and policy perspectives. Oxford: Hart.Google Scholar
Griffiths, A., Roberts, G., & Williams, J. (1997). Elder abuse and the law. In Decalmer, P. & Glendenning, F. (Eds.), The mistreatment of elderly people (2nd ed.). London: Sage.Google Scholar
Harbison, J., & Morrow, M. (1998). Re-examining the social construction of elder abuse and neglect. Ageing and Society, 18, 691711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, M.F., Beasley, C.M., Benedict, R.H., Carlson, J.R., Craig, B.F., & Mason, S.C. (1999). Elder abuse: Some African American views. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(9), 915939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, N., Otfinowski, P., Wenger, C., Fast, J., & Derksen, L. (2003). Understanding the caring capacity of informal networks of frail seniors: A case for care networks. Ageing and Society, 23(1), 115127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosberg, J.I., Lowenstein, A., Garcia, J.L., & Biggs, S. (2002). Challenges to the cross-cultural and cross-national study of elder abuse. Journal of Social Work Research and Evaluation, 3(1), 1931.Google Scholar
Kreuger, R.A. (1988). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Newbury Park: Sage.Google Scholar
Kwan, A.Y.-H. (1995). Elder abuse in Hong Kong: A new family problem for the old east. In Kosberg, J. & Garcia, J. (Eds.), Elder abuse: International and cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 6580). New York: Haworth Press.Google Scholar
Lai, D. (2004). Health status of older Chinese in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 193197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lai, D., Chappell, N., Chau, S., Lai, D., & Tsang, K.T. (2003). Health and well-being of Chinese seniors in Canada: Report to community partners in Toronto. Toronto: University of Toronto, Faculty of Social Work.Google Scholar
Littlewood, P., & Herkommer, S. (1999). Identifying social exclusion: Some problems of meaning. In Littlewood, P. (Ed.), Social exclusion in Europe: Problems and paradigms. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Long, A.F., & Godfrey, M. (2004). An evaluation tool to assess the quality of qualitative research studies. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 7(2), 181196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, L., & Collins, A. (2000). Abuse and neglect of older adults: A discussion paper. Ottawa: Family Violence Prevention Unit, Health Canada.Google Scholar
Moon, A. (2000). Perceptions of elder abuse among various cultural groups: Similarities and difference. Generations, 24(2), 7580.Google Scholar
Moon, A., & Williams, O. (1993). Perceptions of elder abuse and help-seeking patterns among African-American, Caucasian-American and Korean-American elderly women. Gerontologist, 33(3), 386395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neysmith, S. (1995). Power in relationships of trust: A feminist analysis of elder abuse. In Maclean, M. (Ed.), Abuse and neglect of older Canadians: Strategies for change (pp. 4355). Toronto: Thompsons Educational.Google Scholar
Payne, B.K. (2002). An integrated understanding of elder abuse and neglect. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 535547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podnieks, E. (1990). National survey on abuse of the elderly in Canada. Toronto: Ryerson Polytechnic Institute.Google Scholar
Sung, K.-t. (2000). Respect for elders: Myths and realities in East Asia. Journal of Aging and Identity, 5(4), 197205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sung, K.-t. (2001). Elder respect: Exploration of ideals and forms in East Asia. Journal of Aging Studies, 15, 1326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomita, S.K. (1998). The consequences of belonging: Conflict management techniques among Japanese Americans. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 9(3), 4168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, A. (1980). The social creation of poverty and dependency in old age. Journal of Social Policy, 9, 4975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittaker, T. (1997). Rethinking elder abuse: Towards an age and gender integrated theory of elder abuse. In Decalmer, P. & Glendenning, F. (Eds.), The mistreatment of elderly people. London: Sage.Google Scholar
World Health Organization / International Network for Prevention of Elder Abuse. (2002). Missing voices: Views of older persons on elder abuse. Geneva: Authors.Google Scholar
Wilke, D.J., & Vinton, L. (2005). The nature and impact of domestic violence across age cohorts. Affilia, 20(3), 316328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, R.S. (2000). The nature and scope of elder abuse. Generations, 24(2), 613.Google Scholar
Yan, E., & Tang, C.S.-K. (2001). Prevalence and psychological impact of Chinese elder abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(11), 11581174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, E., Tang, C.S.-K., & Yeung, D. (2002). No safe haven: A review of elder abuse in Chinese families. Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 3(3), 167180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar