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The Forging of Institutional Autonomy: A Comparative Study of Electoral Management Commissions in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2006

Mamoudou Gazibo
Mamoudou Gazibo
Affiliation:
Université de Montréal
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Abstract

Abstract. Building upon the theoretical framework of new-institutionalism, this article concentrates on electoral management commissions (EMCs), which, though the raison d'être of political battles in many African countries, have attracted very little analysis in academic literature. The sample includes seven countries and I concentrate on the issue of forging institutional autonomy. I propose five modes of institutional forging that produce different levels of autonomy. At the same time, I argue that autonomy refers less to legal provisions than to the empirical self-reinforcing and lock-in processes, which may or may not take place depending on power relations in the political arena. In turn, however, these differences may explain the contrasting trajectories African states have taken vis-à-vis democratization.

Résumé. Alors qu'elles sont au cœur des luttes politiques dans plusieurs pays africains, les commissions électorales sont peu étudiées dans la littérature sur la démocratisation. Cet article utilise un cadre théorique néo-institutionnel pour analyser les commissions de sept pays en se concentrant spécifiquement sur la question de l'autonomie institutionnelle. Il met à jour cinq modes de création institutionnelle correspondant à différents niveaux d'autonomie qui, en retour, expliquent les trajectoires divergentes des pays en matière de démocratisation. L'autonomie est à rechercher moins dans les prérogatives juridiques que dans les rapports de forces entre acteurs au moment de l'émergence de l'institution et dans les processus subséquents d'autoreproduction institutionnelle.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 611 - 633
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

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