Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T03:24:58.094Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Denying knowledge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Esben Nedenskov Petersen*
Affiliation:
Institute for the Study of Culture, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230Odense M, Denmark

Abstract

Intuitions about contextualist cases such as Cohen’s airport case pose a problem for classical anti-skeptical versions of invariantism. Recently, Tim Black (2005), Jessica Brown (2006), and Patrick Rysiew (2001, 2005, 2007) have argued that the classical invariantist can respond by arguing that pragmatic aspects of epistemic discourse are responsible for the relevant problematic intuitions. This paper identifies the mechanisms of conversational implicature and impliciture as the basic sources of hope for this explanatory strategy. It then argues that neither of these sources provides the classical invariantist with a convincing response to the airport case and its analogs.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Journal of Philosophy 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bach, Kent. 1994. “Conversational Impliciture.” Mind & Language 9 (2): 124162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach, Kent. 2000. “Quantification, Qualification and Context: A Reply to Stanley and Szabó.” Mind & Language 15 (2–3): 262283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach, Kent. 2002. “Seemingly Semantic Intuitions.” In Meaning and Truth, edited by Keim Campbell, J., O’Rourke, M., and Shier, D., 2133. New York: Seven Bridges Press.Google Scholar
Black, Tim. 2005. “Classic Invariantism, Relevance, and Warranted Assertability Manœuvers.” The Philosophical Quarterly 55 (219): 328336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blome-Tillmann, Michael. 2008. “The Indexicality of ‘Knowledge’.” Philosophical Studies 138 (1): 2953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Jessica. 2006. “Contextualism and Warranted Assertibility Manoeuvres.” Philosophical Studies 130 (3): 407435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cappelen, Herman, and Lepore, Ernest. 2005. Insensitive Semantics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carston, Robyn. 2002. Thoughts and utterances. Oxford: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carston, Robyn. 2008. “Linguistic communication and the semantics/pragmatics distinction.” Synthese 165 (3): 321345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Stewart. 1998. “Contextualist Solutions to Epistemological Problems: Skepticism, Gettier, and the Lottery.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 76 (2): 289306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Stewart. 1999. “Contextualism, Skepticism, and the Structure of Reasons.” Philosophical Perspectives 13: 5789.Google Scholar
DeRose, Keith. 1992. “Contextualism and Knowledge Attributions.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 52 (4): 913929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeRose, Keith. 1999. “Contextualism: An Explanation and Defense.” In The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology, edited by Greco, John and Sosa, Ernest, 187205. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
DeRose, Keith. 2002. “Assertion, Knowledge and Context.” The Philosophical Review 111 (2): 167203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeRose, Keith. 2005. “The Ordinary Language Basis for Contextualism and the New Invariantism.” The Philosophical Quarterly 55 (219): 172198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fantl, Jeremy, and McGrath, Matthew. 2007. “On Pragmatic Encroachment in Epistemology.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 75 (3): 558589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grice, H. P. 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, Alison. 2008. “Free Enrichment or Hidden Indexicals?Mind and Language 23 (4): 426456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, Scott, and Hastie, Reid. 1990. “Hindsight: Biased Judgments of Past Events after the Outcomes Are Known.” Psychological Bulletin 107 (3): 311327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawthorne, John. 2004. Knowledge and Lotteries. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel, and Tversky, Amos. 1984. “Choices, Values, and Frames.” American Psychologist 39 (4): 341350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Jeffrey, and Stanley, Jason. 2005. “Semantics, Pragmatics, and the Role of Semantic Content.” In Semantics versus Pragmatics, edited by Szabo, Zoltan, 111164. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montminy, Martin. 2007. “Epistemic Contextualism and the Semantics-Pragmatics distinction.” Synthese 155 (1): 99125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, Jennifer. 2010. “Knowledge Ascriptions and the Psychological Consequences of Thinking about Error.” The Philosophical Quarterly 60 (239): 286306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickerson, Raymond. 1999. “How We Know - and Sometimes Misjudge - What Others Know: Imputing One’s Own Knowledge to Others.” Psychological Bulletin 125 (6): 737759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pohl, Rüdiger. 2004. Cognitive Illusions. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Pohl, Rüdiger, and Hell, Wolfgang. 1996. “No reduction in Hindsight bias after Complete Information and Repeated Testing.” Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes 67: 4958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Recanati, Francois. 2002. “Unarticulated Constituents.” Linguistics and Philosophy 25 (3): 299345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Recanati, Francois. 2004. Literal Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rysiew, Patrick. 2001. “The Context-Sensitivity of Knowledge Attributions.” Noûs 35 (4): 477514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rysiew, Patrick. 2005. “Contesting Contextualism.” Grazer Philosophische Studien 69 (1): 5170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rysiew, Patrick. 2007. “Speaking of Knowing.” Noûs 41 (4): 627662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadock, Jerrold. 1978. “On Testing for Conversational Implicature.” In Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 9: Pragmatics, edited by Cole, Peter, 113127. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan. 2008. “Knowledge in the Image of Assertion.” Philosophical Issues 18 (1): 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperber, Dan, and Wilson, Deirdre. 1986. “Loose Talk.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 86: 153171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, Jason. 2000. “Context and Logical Form.” Linguistics and Philosophy 23 (4): 391434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, Jason. 2005. Knowledge and Practical Interests. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, Jason, and Szabó, Zoltan. 2000. “On Quantifier Domain Restriction.” Mind and Language 15 (2 & 3): 219261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, Timothy. 2000. Knowledge and Its Limits. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Williamson, Timothy. 2005. “Contextualism, Subject-Sensitive Invariantism and Knowledge of Knowledge.” The Philosophical Quarterly 55 (219): 213235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, Jonathan. 1990. “Are There Counterexamples to the Closure Principle?” In Doubting: Contemporary Perspectives on Skepticism, edited by Roth, Michael and Ross, Glenn, 1327. Dordrecht: Kluwer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar