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Neurological Findings in HIV-infected Children: A Review of 49 Cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

S. Roy ,
G. Geoffroy ,
N. Lapointe  and
J. Michaud
S. Roy
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology and Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal
G. Geoffroy*
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology and Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal
N. Lapointe
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology and Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal
J. Michaud
Affiliation:
Division of Neurology and Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal
*
Division of Neurology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, P.Q. H3T 1C5
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Abstract:

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Many HIV-infected children have neurological involvement. We present our observations in 49 cases, 58% of which had some form of clinical neurological impairment. Most of the patients affected (71%) presented with progressive encephalopathy, characterized by developmental delay with loss of acquisitions and cognitive decline, an impaired growth curve, microcephaly and corticospinal dysfunction. CT-scan imaging shows cerebral atrophy in all cases and basal ganglia calcifications in 29%. Non-specific abnormalities are found on the EEG in two-thirds of cases and in the CSF in slightly less than half the cases. Pathological studies sometime revealed HIV encephalitis or lateral corticospinal tracts degeneration. Neurological impairment secondary to vascular events, neoplasms or opportunistic infections were rare, especially when compared with the adult HIV population.

Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 19 , Issue 4 , November 1992 , pp. 453 - 457
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1992

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