Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-44mx8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-14T15:23:41.345Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Morphological Basis of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

M.J. Ball
M.J. Ball*
Affiliation:
Departments of Pathology, Clinical Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry. University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The literature pertinent to the pathological anatomy subserving dementia in Parkinsonian patients is reviewed. Mechanisms discussed include cerebral cortical atrophy; hydrocephalus; Lewy body inclusions; neocortical lesions of the Alzheimer type; depletion of cholinergic, dopaminergic or noradrenergic transmitter systems; ‘subcortical’ dementia; and neuronal depopulation of the basal forebrain.

New autopsy data are presented to confirm that, contrary to published reports, most patients with parkinsonism who exhibit dementia do not have concomitant Alzheimer’s disease, and that some different pathogenetic mechanism must be sought to account for this increasingly common cause of cognitive decline in the sufferers of Parkinson’s disease.

Type
6. Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 11 , Issue S1: Current Concepts and Controversies in Parkinson’s Disease , February 1984 , pp. 180 - 184
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1984

References

Alvord, EC, Forno, LS, Kusske, JA, Kauffman, RJ, Rhodes, JS, Goetowski, CR (1975) “The Pathology of Parkinsonism: A Comparison of Degenerations in Cerebral Cortex and Brainstem”, Advances in Neurology 5: 175–193.Google Scholar
Ball, MJ (1976) “Neurofibrillary Tangles and the Pathogenesis of Dementia – A Quantitative Study”, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 2: 395–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, MJ (1977) “Neuronal Loss, Neurofibrillary Tangles and Granulovacuolar Degeneration in the Hippocampus with Aging and Dementia”, Acta Neuropathologica 37: 111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, Benson D (1975) “The Hydrocephalic Dementias”, in: ‘Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease’, edited by Benson, D.F. and Blumer, D., Grune and Stratton, New York, Pages 83–98.Google Scholar
Blessed, G, Tomlinson, BE, Roth, M (1968) “The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile changes in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects”, British Journal of Psychiatry 114:797–811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boiler, F (1980) “Mental Status of Patients with Parkinson Disease”, Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology 2: 157–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchwald, NA, Hull, CD, Levine, MS, Villablanca, J (1975) “The Basal Ganglia and the Regulation of Response and Cognitive Sets”, in: ‘Growth and Development of the Brain’, edited by Brazier, B. M.A., Raven Press, New York, Pages 171–189.Google Scholar
Candy, JM, Perry, RH, Perry, EK, Irving, D, Blessed, G, Fairbairn, AF, Tomlinson, BE (1983) “Pathological Changes in the Nucleus of Meynert in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease”, Journal of the Neurological Sciences 54: 277–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celesia, GG, Wanamaker, WM (1972) “Psychiatric Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease”, Diseases of the Nervous System 33:577–583.Google ScholarPubMed
Clark, AW, Lehmann, J (1983) “Dementia with Widespread Lewy Bodies: Studies of the Neocortical Cholinergic System”, Abstract, Canadian Association of Neuropathologists, 23rd Annual Meeting, September 29 – October 1, 1983, Banff, Alberta.Google Scholar
Folstein, MF, Folstein, SE, McHugh, PR (1975) “Mini-Mental State, A Practical Method for Grading the Cognitive State of Patients for the Clinician”, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 12: 189–198.Google Scholar
Garron, DC, Klawans, HL, Narin, F (1972) “Intellectual Functioning of Persons with Idiopathic Parkinsonism”, Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 154: 445–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldman, JE, Yen, S-H, Chiu, F-C, Peress, NS (1983) “Lewy Bodies of Parkinson’s Disease Contain Neurofilament Antigens”, Science 221: 1082–1084.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hakim, AM, Mathieson, G (1978) “Basis of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease”, Lancet 2: 729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hakim, AM, Mathieson, G (1979) “Dementia in Parkinson Disease: A Neuropathologic Study”, Neurology 29: 1209–1214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Javoy-Agid, F, Taquet, H, Ploska, A, Cherif-Zahar, C, Ruberg, M, Agid, Y (1981) “Distribution of catecholamines in the ventral mesencephalon of human brain with special reference to Parkinson’s disease”, Journal of Neurochemistry 36: 2101–2105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, II (1978) “Parkinson’s Disease in Epidemiologic Perspective”, in: ‘Advances in Neurology, Volume 19–Neurological Epidemiology: Principles and Clinical Applications’, edited by Schoenberg, B.S., Raven Press, New York, Pgs. 355–384.Google Scholar
Lees, AJ, Smith, E (1983) “Cognitive Deficits in the Early Stages of Parkinson’s Disease”, Brain 106: 257–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mann, DMA, Yates, PO (1983) “Pathological Basis for Neurotransmitter Changes in Parkinson’s Disease”, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 9: 3–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, WE, Loewenson, RB, Resch, JA, Baker, AB (1973) “Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Analysis of 100 Patients”, Neurology 23: 783–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marttila, RJ, Rinne, UK (1976) “Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease”, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 54: 431–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayeux, R, Stern, Y, Rosen, J, Benson, F (1981) “Subcortical Dementia: A Recognizable Clinical Entity”, Transactions of the American Neurological Association 106: 313–316.Google Scholar
Mayeux, R, Stern, Y (1983) “Intellectual Dysfunction and Dementia in Parkinson Disease”, in: ‘The Dementias’, edited by Mayeux, R. and Rosen, W.G., Raven Press, New York, Pgs. 211–227.Google Scholar
Moss, V (1982) “Intellectual Deterioration Associated with Parkinson’s Disease in the Elderly”, Proceedings of 9th Annual Meeting, Ontario Psychogeriatric Association, Pages 313–316.Google Scholar
Mortimer, JA, Pirozzolo, FJ, Hansch, E, Webster, DD (1982) “Relationship of Motor Symptoms to Intellectual Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease”, Neurology 32: 133–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakano, I, Hirano, A (1983) “Neuron Loss in the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam”, Annals of Neurology 13:87–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parkinson, J (1938) “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, 1817”, Medical Classics 2: 964–997.Google Scholar
Perry, RH, Candy, JM, Perry, EK, Irving, D, Blessed, G, Fairbairn, AF, Tomlinson, BE (1983a) “Extensive Loss of Choline Acetyltransferase is Not Reflected by Neuronal Loss in the Nucleus of Meynert in Alzheimer’s Disease”, Neuroscience Letters 33: 311–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, RH, Tomlinson, BE, Candy, JM, Blessed, G, Foster, JF, Bloxham, CA, Perry, EK (1983b) “Cortical Cholinergic Deficit in Mentally Impaired Parkinsonian Patients”, Lancet 2: 789–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pirozzolo, FJ, Hansch, EC, Mortimer, JA, Webster, DD, Kuskowski, MA (1982) “Dementia in Parkinson Disease: A Neurophysiological Analysis”, Brain Cognition 1: 71–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruberg, M, Ploska, A, Javoy-Agid, F, Agid, Y (1982) “Muscarinic Binding and Choline Acetyltransferase Activity in Parkinsonian Subjects with Reference to Dementia”, Brain Research 232: 129–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selby, G (1968) “Cerebral Atrophy in Parkinsonism”, Journal of the Neurological Sciences 6: 517–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sroka, H, Elizan, TS, Yahr, MD, Burger, A, Medazu, MR (1981) “Organic Mental Syndrome and Confusional States in Parkinson’s Disease”, Archives of Neurology 38: 339–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitehouse, PJ, Struble, RG, Clark, AW, Price, DL (1982a) “Alzheimer Disease: Plaques, Tangles and the Basal Forebrain”, Annals of Neurology 12: 494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitehouse, PJ, Price, DL, Struble, RG, Clark, AW, Coyle, JT, DeLong, MR (1982b) “Alzheimer’s Disease and Senile Dementia: Loss of Neurons in the Basal Forebrain”, Science 215: 1237–1239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitehouse, PJ, Hedreen, JC, White, CL, Price, DL (1983) “Basal Forebrain Neurons in the Dementia of Parkinson’s Disease”, Annals of Neurology 13: 243–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcock, GK, Esiri, MM (1982) “Plaques, Tangles and Dementia: A Quantitative Study”, Journal of the Neurological Sciences 56:343–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilcock, GK, Esiri, MM, Bowen, DM, Smith, CCT (1982) “Alzheimer’s Disease: Correlation of Cortical Choline Acetyltransferase Activity with the Severity of Dementia and Histological Abnormalities”, Journal of the Neurological Sciences 56: 407–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcock, GK, Esiri, MM, Bowen, DM, Smith, CCT (1983) “The Nucleus Basalis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Cell Counts and Cortical Biochemistry”, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 9: 175–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, J (Editor) (1980) “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders”, 3rd edition, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar