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Coordination of a Multi-Joint Movement in Normal Humans and in Patients with Cerebellar Dysfunction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

W.J. Becker ,
E. Kunesch  and
H.-J. Freund
W.J. Becker*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary
E. Kunesch
Affiliation:
Neurologische Klinik, University of Düsseldorf
H.-J. Freund
Affiliation:
Neurologische Klinik, University of Düsseldorf
*
Rm M4-022, Calgary General Hospital, 841 Centre Avenue East, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2E 0A1
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Abstract:

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The contribution of the cerebellar cortex to coordination of a multi-joint throwing movement was studied by measuring various movement and EMG parameters while normal control subjects and patients with cerebellar cortical atrophy threw a ball at a target. Although patients did not throw as accurately as controls, several coordination measurements were normal in the patients. These included parameters used by us to assess elbow-wrist coordination and the coordination of hand opening with activation of more proximal arm muscles. Postural support for the movement at the shoulder was also normal in that the shoulder was not pushed backwards by the reaction forces resulting from the rapid forward acceleration of the forearm and hand. In contrast, however, patients were unable to coordinate the muscles so as to produce the same hand direction from trial to trial when throwing at the same target. In addition, EMG onset times were abnormal in the antagonist muscles relative to agonist EMG bursts and kinematic parameters of the movement. In conclusion, our patients with cerebellar cortical atrophy showed abnormalities in visual-motor coordination, in that they were unable to consistently produce the appropriate hand direction in response to a visual target. Agonist-antagonist relationships were also impaired. Other aspects of coordination, such as the relative timing of EMG onsets of agonist muscles, even when these were active at different joints, were normal.

Résumé:

RÉSUMÉ:

Nous avons étudié la contribution du cortex cérébelleux à la coordination d'un mouvement de projection impliquant plusieurs articulations, en mesurant certains paramètres du mouvement et de l'EMG alors que les contrôles normaux et les patients avec une atrophie corticale cérébelleuse lançaient une balle vers une cible. Même si les patients ne lançaient pas de façon aussi précise que les sujets contrôles, plusieurs mesures de la coordination étaient normales chez les patients, dont certains paramètres que nous utilisons pour évaluer la coordination coudepoignet et la coordination de l'ouverture de la main avec l'activation de muscles proximaux du bras. Le support postural du mouvement de l'épaule était normal, c'est-à-dire que l'épaule n'était pas repoussée vers l'arrière par les forces de réaction résultant de l'accélération rapide vers l'avant de l'avant-bras et de la main. Cependant, les patients n'étaient pas capables de coordonner les muscles pour reproduire la même direction de la main d'un essai à l'autre lorsqu'ils lançaient vers la même cible. De plus, le moment du début de l'activité EMG était anormal dans les muscles antagonistes relativement aux salves EMG des muscles agonistes et aux paramètres kinématiques du mouvement. Nous concluons que nos patients atteints d'atrophie corticale cérébelleuse présentent des anomalies de la coordination visuomotrice, du fait qu'ils n'étaient pas capables de reproduire avec constance le mouvement approprié dirigeant la main en réponse à une cible visuelle. Les relations agoniste-antagoniste étaient également altérées. D'autres aspects de la coordination, tel la synchronisation du début de l'activité EMG des muscles agonistes, même quand ils étaient actifs au niveau de différentes articulations, étaient normaux.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , August 1990 , pp. 264 - 274
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1990

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