In [6] we have constructed certain normal subgroups G7 of the elementary subgroup GR of the Chevalley group G(L, R) over R corresponding to a finite dimensional simple Lie algebra L over the complex field, where R is a commutative ring with identity. The method employed was to augment somewhat the generators of the elementary subgroup EI of G corresponding to an ideal I of the underlying Chevalley algebra LR;EI is thus the group generated by all xr(t) in G having the property that ter ⊂ I. In [6, § 5] we noted that in general EI actually had to be enlarged for a normal subgroup of GR to be obtained.

In this paper we are concerned with the fourth order nonlinear differential equation

where the following conditions are always assumed to hold:

(a) r(t) is continuous and positive for t ≠ 0, and

Rates of convergence, saturation theorems and the socalled “inverse problems” for Bernstein polynomials have been intensively studied (see, e.g., [1 ; 4; 8; 14; 17]). The same problems for some other positive operators have also been investigated by many authors. In this paper, we shall use a uniform approach to study the saturation and inverse problems for a class of linear combinations of operators including Bernstein polynomials, and Szâsz, Post-Widder, Gauss-Weierstrass and Baskakov operators.

Suppose (P, △) is an undirected graph without loops or multiple edges. We will denote by △ (x) the vertices adjacent to x and . Let (G, P) be a transitive permutation representation of a group G in a, set P, and Δ be a non-trivial self-paired (i.e. symmetric) orbit for the action of G on P X P. We identify △ with the set of all two subsets ﹛x, y﹜ with (x, y) in △. Then we have a graph (P, Δ) with G ≦ Aut (P, △), transitive on both P and △.

If L is a cyclic extension of Q of prime degree p, then the class number of L is divisible by p if and only if more than one prime divides the discriminant D, of L. If p ≠ 2, then this condition is equivalent to the existence of more than one cyclic extension of Q of degree p with discriminant equal to D. In this paper we generalize these results to non-galois extensions of Q of degree p whose normal closures have degree 2p over Q.

G. T. Whyburn, in 1926, began the development of cyclic element theory for Peano continua. This theory proved fruitful in the study of Peano spaces and a comprehensive development of the theory for metric spaces was presented in [6]. An excellent history of the theory is to be found in [4]. In [7] and [5] the generalization of cyclic element theory to more general spaces was begun. However, in each of these papers only basic definitions were set forth and fundamental results obtained. In this paper, we concern ourselves primarily with connected and locally connected Hausdorff spaces, developing the cyclic element theory initiated in [7] and demonstrating that the theory has many of the applications to connected and locally connected Hausdorff spaces that the classical theory has to Peano spaces.

A neofield of order v, Nv( + , •), is an algebraic system of v elements including 0 and 1,0 ≠ 1, with two binary operations + and • such that (Nv, + ) is a loop with identity element 0; (Nv*, •) is a group with identity element 1 (where Nv* = Nv\﹛0﹜) and every element of Nv is both right and left distributive (i.e., (y + z)x = yx + zx and x(y + z) = xy + xz for all y, z∈ Nv).

Suppose we have n events Ai, … , An and let p(Aj1 … , Ajk) be the probability that the events Ah, . . . , Ajk occur jointly. The probability P0 that none of Ai, . . . , An occur is given by Poincaré's formula, the probabilistic version of the principle of inclusion and exclusion:

We investigate the structure of those non-separable metric spaces X, and their Stone-Čech compactifications, for which X has no closed discrete subspace of power equal to the weight of X. (Throughout this paper we denote the weight of X—the smallest power of a base for the topology of X—by the symbol wX.)

Let A be a C*-algebra and H a Hilbert space of large enough (infinite at least) dimension so that every πƒ, where ƒ is a factor state on A, can be unitarily represented on H. Let Fac (A, H) denote the set of all factor representations of A on H. If π is in Fac (A, H) we call its essential subspace the smallest, closed, vector subspace KoiH such that π (A ) is null on H Θ K. We define Fac∞(A, H) to be the set of elements in Fac (A, H) whose essential subspace is H.

In his simple proof of the unsolvability of the word problem for groups [1], J. L. Britton proved a normal form theorem (Britton's Lemma) for groups obtained by the HNN construction. In the appendix to that paper he described a generalization of the HNN construction and sketched the proof of a generalization of Britton's Lemma for this new construction, Britton's Theorem A. In this note we demonstrate that all groups obtained by means of this generalized construction are in fact HNN groups; and it will follow that Theorem A is simply a restatement of Britton's Lemma. This argument makes it clear that while Theorem A can be (and has been) useful in various group theoretic situations, in practice, every application of this generalized construction can be replaced by a straightforward application of the HNN construction.

Let Ω be a field and Γ a parameter. We designate the set of all polynomials homogeneous in (X) = (X1, … , Xn) with coefficients in Ω [Γ] by H Ω Γ[X] and write such polynomials as F, F(X), or F(X, Γ). The degree of a polynomial in H Ω Γ [X] shall mean the degree in (X). Let I = (F1 … , Fr) be a fixed ideal in H Ω Γ [X] generated by F1 … , Fr.

In [1] Ornstein defined a metric on processes which, for processes (P, τ) and (Q, σ) with equal numbers of atoms, measures how closely the motions of P and Q under r and a, respectively, imitate each other. If we think of (P, τ) and (Q, σ) as stationary stochastic processes, and we assume (P, τ) and (Q, σ) are ergodic, then ((P, τ)(Q, σ)) < α says that with probability one a printout from (P, r) can be changed on a set of integers with density less than a to obtain a printout from (Q, σ).

The S-function , where is the ‘new multiplication' or plethysm of D. E. Littlewood [1], corresponds, in the sense defined below in (1), to the character afforded by a representation of the symmetric group Slm induced from a representation of the subgroup . The aim of this paper is to define the latter representation and deduce its character using a somewhat different approach from that in [3].

A regular T1 space is said to be R-closed if there is no regular T1 space in which it can be embedded as a nonclosed subspace. A regular T1 space is said to be minimal regular if no regular T1 topology on the underlying set is strictly weaker than the given topology. It is known (see [1, Theorem 4, p. 455]) that every minimal regular space is R-closed. An R-closed space, however, need not be minimal regular [3, Example 2, p. 288].

Let S be a subset of some linear topological space. The set S is said to be m-convex, m ≧ 2, if and only if for every m-member subset of S, at least one of the line segments determined by these points lies in S. A point x in S is said to be a point of local convexity of S if and only if there is some neighborhood N of x such that if y, z Є N ⌒ S, then [y, z] ⊆ S. If S fails to be locally convex at some point a in S, then q is called a point of local nonconvexity (lnc point) of S.

In this paper we introduce the notion of an almost Riemannian manifold. Briefly speaking, an almost-Riemannian structure on a Banach manifold is a generalization of the notion of a Riemannian structure on a Hilbert manifold, common examples would be manifolds of maps modelled on the Sobolev spaces Lkp. The successful use of weak Riemannian structures in hard problems has been given by Ebin [2] and Ebin and Marsden [10].

A nonstandard hull of a TVS (locally convex topological vector space) is a standard TVS constructed from a nonstandard model for [3]. If the nonstandard hulls of a TVS are independent of the non-standard model, we say that the TVS has invariant nonstandard hulls. This is (for complete spaces) the property that every finite element is inflnitesimally close to a standard point. We build on the work of Henson and Moore [4], to show that invariance of nonstandard hulls is a self dual property equivalent to bounded sets being precompact, for F and DF spaces, (see Theorem 4.4).

Let R be a hyperbolic Riemann surface and P, Q nonnegative C1 2-forms on R. The space of bounded solutions of △u = Pu (△u = Qu, respectively) on R is denoted by PB(R) (QB(R), respectively). A vector space isomorphism S between PB(R) and QB(R) is called canonical if for each u ϵ PB(R), there is a potential pu on R with \u — Su\ ≦ pu. The canonical isomorphism theme in the study of the equation △u = Pu was introduced in H. Royden's paper [9] on the order comparison condition.

A combinatorial interpretation of Schur functions in terms of Young tableaux is well-known. (For example, see Littlewood [1] or Thomas [4]). The purpose of this paper is to present a combinatorial interpretation of the wreath product (or plethysm) of two Schur functions.