Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tzmfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-01T19:58:26.469Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quelques mythes à propos du système vocalique de l'arabe du Caire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2024

Radwa Fathi
Radwa Fathi*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Linguistique de Nantes, UMR 6310, Nantes, France
*
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Résumé

Depuis Spitta-Bey (1880), une littérature riche et détaillée décrit invariablement l'inventaire vocalique de surface de l'arabe du Caire comme incluant des voyelles moyennes brèves, [e] et [o]. Une nouvelle ère s'ouvre un siècle plus tard avec l'apparition soudaine d'un consensus massif sur l'idée que les voyelles moyennes brèves ne sont pas attestées en arabe cairote. Une différence d'une telle nature et d'une telle ampleur a nécessairement des conséquences sur l'analyse du système phonologique. Certaines de ces conséquences sont mises en évidence dans le présent article. Il est montré que le déni de la présence de [e] et [o] dans la langue conduit mécaniquement à inférer l'existence de processus phonologiques fictifs, et qu'une description de la réalité impose la reconnaissance de ces voyelles. La littérature pertinente est passée en revue, des tests originaux permettant de vérifier cette affirmation sont proposés, ainsi que le témoignage de mesures instrumentales.

Abstract

Abstract

Since Spitta-Bey (1880), a rich and detailed literature has continuously described the surface vowel inventory of Cairo Arabic as including short mid vowels, [e] and [o]. A new era dawned a century later with the sudden appearance of an overwhelming consensus on the idea that short mid vowels are not attested in Cairo Arabic. A difference of this nature and magnitude necessarily has consequences for the analysis of the phonological system. This article highlights some of these consequences. It is shown that the denial of the presence of [e] and [o] in the language mechanically leads to the inference of fictitious phonological processes, and that a description of reality requires the recognition of these vowels. The relevant literature is reviewed, and original tests to verify this assertion are proposed, together with evidence from instrumental measurements.

Keywords

arabe égyptiensystème vocaliquevoyelles moyennesarabe du CaireEgyptian ArabicCairene Arabicvowel systemmid vowels
Type
Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 69 , Issue 2 , June 2024 , pp. 146 - 173
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association/Association canadienne de linguistique 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Références

Abboud-Haggar, Soha. 2003. Introducción a la dialectología de la lengua árabe [Introduction à la dialectologie de la langue arabe]. Granada: Fondacion El Legado andalusi.Google Scholar
Abboud-Haggar, Soha. 2015. Syllabic structure and stress in Cairene Arabic : a didactic approach, BIBLID [0544-408X], 64: 19–30.Google Scholar
Abdel-Massih, Ernest, Abdel-Malek, Zaki, Badawi, El-Said, and McCarus, Ernest. 1979. A Reference grammar of Egyptian Arabic. Ann Arbor : Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Anawati, Georges Ch. 1958. Contribution à l’étude de l'arabe parlé du Caire. La Revue du Caire 220 : 421–451.Google Scholar
Aronoff, Mark. 1974. Word structure. Thèse de doctorat, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Audebert, Claude France, Fuad, Salwa, Steet, Samia Abu, Khouzam, Hoda, Elkassas, Dina, Yousef, Asmaa, El-Din, Amany Ezz, Ibrahim, Mostafa, et Gaubert, Christian. 2012. Dictionnaire contextuel raisonné des verbes du dialecte égyptien (parler du Caire). https://www.ifao.egnet.net/bases/verbeseg/Google Scholar
Badawi, El-Said and Hinds, Martin. 1986. A dictionary of Egyptian Arabic. Beyrouth : Librairie du Liban.Google Scholar
Birkeland, Harris. 1952. Growth and structure of the Egyptian Arabic dialect. Avhandlinger Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo 1952, II. Historisk-Filosofisk Klasse : 1–57. Oslo : Jacob Dybwad.Google Scholar
Blanc, Haim. 1959. Compte rendu de R.S. Harrell, The phonology of Colloquial Egyptian Arabic. Word 15 : 539–543.Google Scholar
Boutros, Wadie. 1993. Ahlan wa sahlan : méthode d'arabe égyptien du Caire. Le Caire : Dar al-Nashr Hatier.Google Scholar
Broselow, Ellen. 1976. The phonology of Egyptian Arabic. Thèse de doctorat, University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam et Halle, Morris. 1968. The sound pattern of English. New York : Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Cowan, William. 1970. The vowels of Egyptian Arabic. Word 26(1) : 94–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drozdik, Ladislav. 1973. The vowel system of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Asian and African Studies IX : 121–128.Google Scholar
Fathi, Radwa. 2013. La longueur vocalique en arabe égyptien : une nouvelle conception. Thèse de doctorat, Université Paris 7.Google Scholar
Fathi, Radwa. 2023. Vowel length and Prominence in Cairene Arabic. Dans Elements, Licensing and Government, sous la direction de Florian Breit, Yuko Yoshida et Connor Youngberg, 89–98. Londres : UCL Press.Google Scholar
Gadalla, Hassan. 2000. Comparative morphology of Standard and Egyptian Arabic. Munich : Lincom Europa.Google Scholar
Gairdner, William H.T. 1925. The phonetics of Arabic. Londres : Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haeri, Niloofar. 1996. The sociolinguistic market of Cairo. Londres : Kegan Paul International.Google Scholar
Hafez, Ola. 1996. Phonological and morphological integration of loanwords into Egyptian Arabic. Égypte/Monde arabe 27/28 : Les langues en Égypte : 1–26.Google Scholar
Harrell, Richard S. 1957. The phonology of Colloquial Egyptian Arabic. New York : American Council of Learned Societies.Google Scholar
Hellmuth, Sam. 2006. Intonational pitch accent distribution in Egyptian Arabic. Thèse de doctorat, School of Oriental and African Studies, Londres.Google Scholar
Jomier, Jacques. 1976. Lexique pratique français-arabe. Le Caire : Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire.Google Scholar
Jomier, Jacques et Khouzam, Joseph. 1964. Manuel d'arabe égyptien. Paris : Éditions Klinsksieck.Google Scholar
Kahn, Daniel. 1976. Syllable-based generalizations in English. Thèse de doctorat, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Kussaim, Samir. 1968. L'accent de mot dans l'arabe du Caire. Arabica XV-3 : 289–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehn, Walter and Abboud, Peter. 1965 Beginning Cairo Arabic. Austin: The Middle East Center, University of Texas.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John. 2005. The length of stem-final vowels in Colloquial Arabic. Dans Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XVII–XVIII : Papers from the 17th and 18th Annual Symposia on Arabic Linguistics, sous la direction de Mohammed T. Alhawary et Elabbas Benmamoun, 1–26. Amsterdam : John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Terence F. 1956. An introduction to Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Londres : Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Terence F. 1962. Colloquial Arabic, the living language of Egypt. Londres : The English Universities Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Terence F. 1975. Principles of Firthian Linguistics. Londres : Longman.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Terence F. 1990. Pronouncing Arabic 1. Oxford : Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, Terence F. 1993. Pronouncing Arabic 2. Oxford : Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Norlin, Kjell. 1987. A phonetic study of emphasis and vowels in Egyptian Arabic. University of Lund. Department of Linguistics and Phonetics. Working papers 30.Google Scholar
Selim, George. 1967. Some contrasts between Classical Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. Dans Linguistic studies in memory of Richard Slade Harrell, sous la direction de Don Graham Stuart, 133–152. Washington DC : Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Selkirk, Elisabeth O. 1972. The phrase phonology of English and French. Thèse de doctorat, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Spitta-Bey, Wilhelm. 1880. Grammatik des arabischen vulgärdialectes von Aegypten [Grammaire de l'arabe vernaculaire d'Égypte]. Leipzig : J.C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Tomiche, Nada. 1964. Le parler arabe du Caire. Paris : Mouton.Google Scholar
Vollers, Karl. 1890. Lehrbuch der Aegypto-Arabischen Umgangssprache [Manuel d'arabe égyptien contemporain]. Kairo : Selbstverl.Google Scholar
Vollers, Karl and Burkitt, Francis C.. 1895. The modern Egyptian dialect of Arabic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Watson, Janet. 2002. The phonology and morphology of Arabic. Oxford : Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willmore, John S. 1905. The spoken Arabic of Egypt. Londres : David Nutt.Google Scholar
Woidich, Manfred. 1999. Grammatik des Kairenisch-Arabische [Grammaire de l'arabe du Caire]. Ms. University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Woidich, Manfred. 2006. Das Kairenisch-Arabische [L'arabe du Caire]. Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar
Youssef, Islam. 2010. Against underlying mid vowels in Cairene Arabic. Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik 52 : 5–38.Google Scholar
Zack, Liesbeth. 2016. Nineteenth-century Cairo Arabic as described by Qadrī and Naḫla. Dans Arabic varieties: far and wide, sous la direction de George Grigore et Gabriel Bițună, 557–569. Bucarest : Editura Universității din Bucureşti.Google Scholar