Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:41:28.039Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Hands in Cont(r)act: The Resiliency of Business Handshakes in Pandemic Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2019

Sheryl N. Hamilton*
Affiliation:
Department of Law and Legal Studies and School of Journalism and Communication Carleton [email protected]

Abstract

This article examines the persistence of the handshake in business circles despite its implication in the spread of communicable disease in contemporary pandemic culture. An examination of business etiquette discourse suggests that even during disease outbreaks or flu season, the business handshake remains an important visual and haptic legal gesture. While it may no longer produce a binding legal contract, it stages the parties as contractable subjects, as claiming the status of autonomous individuals committed to defining their intersubjective relationship through the norms of contract. The business handshake thus operates as a cultural site for the complex interaction of bodies and law, and the production of masculine, haptic-legal subjectivity.

Résumé

Cet article examine la persistance de la pratique de la poignée de main dans les milieux d’affaires malgré son implication dans la propagation des maladies transmissibles dans la culture pandémique contemporaine. Un examen du discours sur l’étiquette des affaires suggère que même au plus fort des épidémies ou pendant la saison de la grippe, la poignée de main commerciale demeure un geste juridique visuel et haptique important. Bien que la poignée de main ne produise plus de contrat juridiquement contraignant, elle présente les parties en tant que sujets contractuels qui revendiquent le statut d’individus autonomes engagés à définir leur relation intersubjective à travers les normes du contrat. La poignée de main dans les milieux d’affaires opère comme un espace culturel pour l’interaction complexe des corps et du droit ainsi que pour la production d’une subjectivité masculine et hapto-juridique.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Law and Society Association / Association Canadienne Droit et Société 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This analysis benefitted immensely from the thoughtful and generous remarks of Sean Mulcahy, as well as from the feedback and suggestions of all participants in the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada funded workshop, The Othered Senses, held May 1–3, 2018. The suggestions and critiques of the anonymous reviewers also enhanced the clarity of the analysis. Any remaining limitations are my own.

References

Aaltola, Mika. 2012. Understanding the Politics of Pandemic Scares: An Introduction to Global Politosomatics. New York and London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bebbington, Geoffrey. 2008. “Handshake.” Derrida Today 1 (2): 167–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braddick, Michael. 2009. Introduction: The Politics of Gesture. Past and Present 203: 935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Classen, Constance, ed. 2005. The Book of Touch . Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Classen, Constance, ed. 2012. The Deepest Sense: A Cultural History of Touch. Indiana: University of Illinois Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crossley, Nicholas. 2004. Ritual, Body Technique and (Inter)Subjectivity. In Thinking Through Rituals: Philosophical Perspectives, ed. Schilbrack, K., 3351. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Davies, Margaret, and Naffine, Ngaire. 2001. Are Persons Property? Legal Debates about Property and Personality. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Doyle, Mark. 2014. Ebola Outbreak: How Liberia lost its handshake. BBC News, September 21. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29260185 (accessed April 21, 2015).Google Scholar
Ertman, Martha M. 2006. “Private Ordering Under the ALI Principles: As natural as status. In Reconceiving the Family: Critique on the American Law Institute’s Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution, ed. Wilson, Robin Fretwell, 284304. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnegan, Ruth. 2005. Tactile Communication. In The Book of Touch, ed. Classen, Constance, 1825. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Firth, Raymond. 1972. Verbal and Bodily Rituals of Greeting and Parting. In The Interpretation of Ritual: Essays in Honour of A. I. Richards, ed. La Fontaine, J. S., 138. London: Tavistock Publications Limited.Google Scholar
Flint, Peter B. 1994. Irving (Swifty) Lazar, 86, Dies: Dynamic agent and a star himself. nytimes.com <https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/01/obituaries/irving-swifty-lazar-86-dies-dynamic-agent-and-a-star-himself.html> (accessed August 8, 2018).Google Scholar
Gerlach, Neil, Hamilton, Sheryl N., Sullivan, Rebecca, and Walton, Priscilla L.. 2011. Becoming Biosubjects: Bodies. Systems. Technologies . Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Gerlach, Neil, and Hamilton, Sheryl N.. 2014. Trafficking in Zombie: The CDC Zombie Apocalypse Campaign, Diseaseability and Pandemic Culture. Refractory: A Journal of Entertainment Media . http://refractory.unimelb.edu.au/2014/06/26/cdc-zombie-apocalypse-gerlach-hamilton/.Google Scholar
Mad Men. Favors, directed by Jennnifer Getzinger, written by Semi Chellas and Matthew Weiner. Broadcast 9 June 2013.Google Scholar
Giang, Vivian. 2014. How to Politely Avoid Shaking Someone’s Hand. The Business Insider . http://www.businessinsider.com.au/avoid-shaking-hands-when-sick-2014-1 (accessed April 1, 2019).Google Scholar
Gibson, Robert. 2008. Intercultural Business Communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1971. Relations in Public. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Goman, Carole Kinsey. 2013. Why Women in Business Should Shake Hands. Forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolkinseygoman/2013/05/22/why-women-in-business-should-shake-hands/#5c591bd05fb8 (accessed August 8, 2018).Google Scholar
Gottsman, Diane. 2013. Office Flu Etiquette. The Huffington Post . http://www.huffingtonpost.com/diane-gottsman/office-flu-etiquette_b_4383773.html (accessed May 26, 2017).Google Scholar
Gove, Phillip B., ed. 1971. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. Springfield, MA: G. and C. Merriam Company.Google Scholar
Grabham, Emily. 2009. Shaking Mr. Jones: Law and Touch. International Journal of Law in Context 5 (4): 343–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GTS Learning. 2013. Business Etiquette: Gaining That Extra Edge . Marietta, GA: PMC Training.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter M., and Hall, Dee Ann Spencer. 1983. The Handshake as Interaction. Semiotica 45 (3–4): 249–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamblin, James. 2013. The Fist Bump Manifesto. The Atlantic , November 22. http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/11/the-fist-bump-manifesto/280175/ (accessed May 26, 2018).Google Scholar
Hamilton, Sheryl N. 2009. Impersonations: Troubling the Person in Law and Culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, Sheryl N. 2017. Rituals of Intimate Legal Touch: Regulating the end-of-game handshake in pandemic culture. The Senses and Society, 12 (1): 5368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, Sheryl N. 2019. Envisioning a Habitus of Hygiene: Hands as media in public health handwashing campaigns. Canadian Journal of Communication 44 (2): 263–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, Randall R. 1974. Beyond Words: An Introduction to Nonverbal Communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Hibbitts, Bernard J. 1995. Making Motions: The embodiment of law in gesture. Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 6: 5181.Google Scholar
Hillewaert, Sarah. 2016. Tactics and Tactility: A sensory semiotics of handshakes in coastal Kenya. American Anthropologist 118 (1): 4966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howes, David, and Classen, Constance. 2014. Ways of Sensing: Understanding the Senses and Society. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Howes, David. 2005. Skinscapes: Embodiment, culture and environment. In The Book of Touch, ed. Classen, Constance, 2739. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Kreitner, Roy. 2007. Calculating Promises: The Emergence of Modern American Contract Doctrine. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Levina, Marina. 2014. Pandemics in the Media. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Macpherson, C. B. 1962. The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke , Gloucestershire: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1923. The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages. In The Meaning of Meaning , ed. Ogeden, C. K. and Richards, I. A., 296336. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.Google Scholar
Martin, Jeanette S., and Chaney, Lillian H.. 2006. Global Business Etiquette: A Guide to International Communication and Customs. Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar
Mauss, Marcel. 1973. Techniques of the Body. Body, Economy and Society 2 (1): 7088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayne, Debbie. 2018. 7 Tips on Proper Handshake Etiquette. thespruce.com (accessed August 8, 2018).Google Scholar
Mitchell, Scott, and Hamilton, Sheryl N.. 2018. Playing at Apocalypse: Reading Plague Inc. in Pandemic Culture. Convergence: The International Journal of Research Into New Media Technologies 24 (6): 587606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Desmond. 1977. Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.Google Scholar
Mulcahy, Sean. n.d. Breaking Law’s Fourth Wall. https://artlawnetwork.org/breaking-the-fourth-wall/ (accessed August 4, 2018).Google Scholar
Murray, Jo. 2005. Doing Business with a Handshake? Idaho Business Review, February 21.Google Scholar
Naffine, Ngaire. 2003. Who Are Law’s Persons? From Cheshire cats to responsible subjects. Modern Law Review 66: 346–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naffine, Ngaire. 2004. Our Legal Lives as Men, Women and Persons. Legal Studies 21 (4): 621–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neyfakh, Leon. 2013. Do handshakes make you sick? The Boston Globe , February 17. http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2013/02/17/handshakes-make-you-sick/3cMb08PWGkmM4ldZqfbpPJ/story.html (accessed January 6, 2016).Google Scholar
Paterson, Mark. 2007. The Senses of Touch: Haptics, Affects and Technology, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Paterson, Mark, Martin, Dodge, and MacKian, Sara. 2012. Introduction: Placing touch within social theory and empirical study. In Touching Space, Placing Touch, ed. Paterson, Mark and Dodge, Martin, 128. Williston, VT: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Peeriodical. 2010. To Shake or Not Shake? “Sick Handshake” Etiquette. http://www.sfu.ca/olc/blog/csi-blog/peeriodical-shake-or-not-shake-%E2%80%9Csick-handshake%E2%80%9D-etiquette (accessed August 8, 2018).Google Scholar
Poole, Ross. 1996. On Being a Person. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 74 (1): 3856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Post, Emily. 1922. Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home . New York: Funk and Wagnalls Company.Google Scholar
Rothenbuhler, Eric W. 1998. Ritual Communication: From Everyday Conversation to Mediated Ceremony. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Sabath, Ann Marie. 2002. Business Etiquette: 101 Ways to Conduct Business with Charm and Savvy. Career Press.Google Scholar
Scheflen, Albert E., and Ashcroft, Norman. 1976. Human Territories: How We Behave in Space–Time. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Scheflen, Albert E., and Scheflen, Alice. 1972. Body Language and Social Order. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Schiffrin, Deborah. 1974. Handwork as Ceremony: The case of the handshake. Semiotica 12 (3): 189202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. 1985. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. Columbia, NY: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shandrow, Kim Lachance. 2016. 4 “Shark Tank” Stars on How to Shake Hands Like You Mean Business. entrepreneur.com . https://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/283116 (accessed August 8, 2018).Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William. 2000. Romeo and Juliet , ed. Levenson, Jill L.. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Slovic, Paul. 1987. Perception of Risk. Science 236: 280–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stallybrass, Peter, and White, Allon. 2005. Bourgeois Perception: The gaze and the contaminating touch. In The Book of Touch, ed. Classen, Constance, 289–91, Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Wald, Priscilla. 2008. Contagious: Cultures, Carriers, and the Outbreak Narrative. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1995. Kisses, Handshakes, Bows: The semantics of nonverbal communication. Semiotica 103 (3–4): 207–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfe, Lahle. 2018. 10 Tips on How to Shake Hands with Confidence. thebalancecareers.com . https://www.thebalancecareers.com/how-to-shake-hands-with-confidence-3514826 (accessed August 8, 2018).Google Scholar