Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 May 2013
From the time when suicide was considered equivalent to premeditated murder by the Canadian justice system to the decriminalization of attempted suicide in 1972, there was a dramatic reversal in how suicidal behaviors were viewed by society. Through an analysis of cases involving suicide attempts in Quebec between 1892 and 1972, we will examine the shift in the legal interpretation of attempted suicide. The law and medical science occasionally compete with one another to impose their own explanations of attempted suicide. These views are not mutually exclusive, though they are, at times, mutually reinforcing. Furthermore, the social reaction toward suicidal behaviors began to migrate from the criminal to the medical within the context of the courts, resulting in de facto decriminalization before such measures were inscribed into law.
Depuis l’époque où le suicide était traité par la justice canadienne au même titre qu’un meurtre prémédité jusqu’à la décriminalisation de la tentative de suicide en 1972, l’évolution de la réaction sociale à l’endroit du comportement suicidaire a connu un renversement spectaculaire. À l’aide d’une analyse des procès pour tentative de suicide au Québec entre 1892 et 1972, nous analyserons dans cet article le déplacement de l’interprétation de la tentative de suicide dans les cours de justice. Nous verrons que si le droit et la science médicale s’opposent à l’occasion pour imposer leur explication de la tentative de suicide, ils ne s’excluent pas mutuellement, se renforçant parfois l’un l’autre. En outre, nous constaterons que la réaction sociale au comportement suicidaire avait commencé à migrer du judiciaire au médical au sein même des cours de justice appelées à juger les personnes accusées de tentative de suicide, procédant ainsi de facto à une décriminalisation avant l’heure.
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