Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T20:32:38.003Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Improving bicycle safety in Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2015

Eric Letovsky ,
Brian H. Rowe ,
Steven Marc Friedman ,
Carolyn Snider  and
Emily Sullivan
Eric Letovsky
Affiliation:
Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Brian H. Rowe
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Steven Marc Friedman
Affiliation:
Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Carolyn Snider
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
Emily Sullivan
Affiliation:
College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK.

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
CAEP Position Statement
Information
Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine , Volume 17 , Supplement 3 , May 2015 , pp. 323 - 327
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians 2015 

References

1. Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario. Cycling death review: a review of all accidental cycling deaths in Ontario from January 1st, 2006 to December 31st, 2010..Google Scholar
2. Rowe, BH, Rowe, AM, Bota, GW. Bicyclist and environmental factors associated with fatal bicycle-related trauma in Ontario. CMAJ 1995;152:45–53.Google ScholarPubMed
3. Persaud, N, Coleman, E, Zwolakowski, D, et al.. Nonuse of bicycle helmets and risk of fatal head injury: a proportional mortality, case-control study. CMAJ 2012;184:E921–3, doi:10.1503/cmaj.120988.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group. IRTAD road safety 2010 annual report. OECD/ITF. 2011..Google Scholar
5. Beck, LF, Dellinger, AM, O’Neil, ME. Motor vehicle crash injury rates by mode of travel, United States: using exposurebased methods to quantify differences. Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:212–218, doi:10.1093/aje/kwm064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Pucher, J, Buehler, R.. Making cycling irresistible: lessons from the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany. Transport Rev 2008;28:495–528, doi:10.1080/01441640701806612.Google Scholar
7. Reynolds, CC, Harris, MA, Teschke, K, et al.. The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: a review of the literature. Environ Health 2009;8:47 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Teschke, K, Harris, MA, Reynolds, CC, et al.. Route infrastructure and the risk of injuries to bicyclists: a casecrossover study. Am J Public Health 2012;102:2336–2343, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300762.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Harris, MA, Reynolds, CC, Winters, M, et al.. Comparing the effects of infrastructure on bicycling injury at intersections and non-intersections using a case-crossover design. Inj Prev 2013;19:303–310, doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Lusk, AC, Furth, PG, Morency, P, et al.. Risk of injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street. Inj Prev 2011;17:131–135, doi:10.1136/ip.2010.028696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Lusk, AC, Morency, P, Miranda-Moreno, LF, et al.. Bicycle guidelines and crash rates on cycle tracks in the United States. Am J Public Health 2013;103:1240–1248, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301043.Google Scholar
12. Olivier, J, Walter, SR, Grzebieta, RH. Long term bicycle related head injury trends for New South Wales, Australia following mandatory helmet legislation. Accid Anal Prev 2013;50:1128–1134, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.09.003.Google Scholar
13. Jacobsen, PL.. Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling. Inj Prev 2003;9:205–209, doi:10.1136/ip.9.3.205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Johan de Hartog, J, Boogaard, H, Nijland, H, Hoek, G. Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks? Environ Health Perspect 2010;118:1109–1116, doi:10.1289/ehp.0901747.Google Scholar
15. Rabl, A, de Nazelle, A. Benefits of shift from car to active transport. Transport Policy 2012;19:121–131, doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.09.008.Google Scholar
16. Rojas-Rueda, D, de Nazelle, A, Tainio, M, Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ. The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study. BMJ 2011;343:d4521 doi:10.1136/bmj.d4521.Google Scholar
17. Grabow, ML, Spak, SN, Holloway, T, et al.. Air quality and exercise-related health benefits from reduced car travel in the midwestern United States. Environ Health Perspect 2012;120:68–76, doi:10.1289/ehp.1103440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Woodcock, J, Edwards, P, Tonne, C, et al.. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: urban land transport. Lancet 2009;374:1930–1943, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61714-1.Google Scholar
19. Schmitt, A. The rise of protected bike lanes in North America. Momentum 2013;62:56–69; Available at: http://momentummag.com/features/protected-bike-lanes-by-thenumbers/#sthash.EDmmcmR2.dpbs.Google Scholar
20. Kwan, I, Mapstone, J. Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Accid Anal Prev 2004;36:305–312, doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00008-3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Andersson, AL, Bunketorp, O. Cycling and alcohol. Injury 2002;33:467–471, doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00028-1.Google Scholar
22. Teschke, K, Brubacher, JR, Friedman, SM, et al.. Personal and trip characteristics associated with safety equipment use by injured adult bicyclists: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2012;12:765 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-765.Google Scholar
23. Wood, JM, Lacherez, PF, Marszalek, RP, King, MJ.. Drivers’ and cyclists’ experiences of sharing the road: incidents, attitudes and perceptions of visibility. Accid Anal Prev 2009;41:772–776, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Thompson, DC, Rivara, FP, Thompson, R.. Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;2:CD001855.Google Scholar
25. Hagel, BE, Lee, RS, Karkhaneh, M, et al.. Factors associated with incorrect bicycle helmet use. Inj Prev 2010;16:178–184, doi:10.1136/ip.2009.023994.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Nykolyshyn, K, Petruk, JA, Wiebe, N, et al.. The use of bicycle helmets in a western Canadian province without legislation. Can J Public Health 2003;94:144–148.Google Scholar
27. Grenier, T, Deckelbaum, DL, Boulva, K, et al.. A descriptive study of bicycle helmet use in Montreal, 2011. Can J Public Health 2013;104:e400–4.Google Scholar
28. Karkhaneh, M, Kalenga, JC, Hagel, BE, Rowe, BH. Effectiveness of bicycle helmet legislation to increase helmet use: a systematic review. Inj Prev 2006;12:76–82, doi:10.1136/ip.2005.010942.Google Scholar
29. Vulcan, AP, Cameron, MH, Watson, WL. Mandatory bicycle helmet use: experience in Victoria, Australia. World J Surg 1992;16:389–397, doi:10.1007/BF02104437.Google Scholar
30. Dennis, J, Potter, B, Ramsay, T, Zarychanski, R. The effects of provincial bicycle helmet legislation on helmet use and bicycle ridership in Canada. Inj Prev 2010;16:219–224, doi:10.1136/ip.2009.025353.Google Scholar
31. Karkhaneh, M, Rowe, BH, Saunders, LD, et al.. Bicycle helmet use four years after the introduction of helmet legislation in Alberta, Canada. Accid Anal Prev 2011;43:788–796, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.026.Google Scholar
32. Karkhaneh, M, Rowe, BH, Saunders, LD, et al.. Bicycle helmet use after the introduction of all ages helmet legislation in an urban community in Alberta, Canada. Can J Public Health 2011;102:134–138.Google Scholar
33. Karkhaneh, M, Rowe, BH, Saunders, LD, et al.. Trends in head injuries associated with mandatory bicycle helmet legislation targeting children and adolescents. Accid Anal Prev 2013;59:206–212, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.027.Google Scholar
34. Macpherson, A, Spinks, A. Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;3:CD005401.Google Scholar
35. Robinson, DL. Bicycle helmet legislation: can we reach a consensus? Accid Anal Prev 2007;39:86–93, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.06.007.Google Scholar
36. Naumann, RB, Dellinger, AM, Zaloshnja, E, et al. Incidence and total lifetime costs of motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injury by road user type, United States, 2005. Traffic Inj Prev 2010;11:353–360, doi:10.1080/15389588.2010.486429.Google Scholar
37. Miller, TR, Levy, DT.. Cost-outcome analysis in injury prevention and control: eighty-four recent estimates for the United States. Med Care 2000;38:562–582, doi:10.1097/00005650-200006000-00003.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Letovsky supplementary material

Letovsky supplementary material 1

Download Letovsky supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 184.9 KB