Twenty-four species of winter stonefly, 8 Taeniopterygidae, and 16 Capniidae, are known from southern Québec; three species, Allocapnia indianae Ricker, A. rickeri Frison, and Taeniopteryx maura (Pictet), are new Québec records. An analysis of the geographical distributions indicates four faunal elements: 6 ubiquitous species occurring over most of the northeastern part of the continent, 4 boreal species, 4 Appalachian species, and 10 species originating from the Mississippi Valley. Except perhaps for Capnia vernalis and C. manitoba, most seem to have survived the glaciations in eastern refugia and have migrated back into Québec along the slopes of the Appalachians. Characteristic species associations can be recognized. In small slow and eutrophic streams of the upper St. Lawrence Valley and the lower Ottawa Valley, Allocapnia granulata and A. vivipara predominate; in the small spring-fed streams of the same area, small populations of A. recta can develop. In highland water courses, a clear zonation is established: headwater streams usually harbour no species; in small streams, capniids, particularly A. illinoensis, Paracapnia angulata and the ubiquitous A. pygmaea, dominate; in larger streams, more capniids are added, such as A. minima, A. pechumani, and P. opis, together with the taeniopterygid T. burksi; in rivers, taeniopterygids abound (T. nivalis, T. parvula, and Oemopteryx glacialis), while the capniids become rarer, A. minima and A. pygmaea. In large lowland rivers, only A. minima and O. glacialis still survive. On the North Shore, boreal elements, such as C. vernalis, Utacapnia labradora, and Taenionema atlanticum, are added or substituted in midsized streams, while in the Eastern Townships, this is true of the Appalachian species A. maria, A. rickeri, and T. maura.