The fact that most species of aphids at some time each year develop winged forms and that these winged aphids move from plant to plant is common knowledge. That the development of aphid infestations, on annual plants grown from seeds and on certain other plants commercially grown from cuttings of underground tubers, generally results from visits made by winged aphids is also well known.

Grasshopper damage to grain is usually considered as occurring almost entirely during the growing period immediately following seeding. There is, however, considerable damage during the period from first head emergence to maturity, which may be caused through leaf defoliation, cutting of heads, or actual feeding on the glumes and kernels. The dropping of heads is usually caused by migrating grasshoppers and is noticed throughout entire fields, causing a loss of what would have been harvestable grain.

In a recent paper (1940, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. Sec. V, 53) I emphasized the importance of the genitalia in determining species in Group A of the genus Coleophora, i. e. (according to Barasch) those species in which the aedeagus is strengthened with lateral rods of chitin. In this large group it will frequently be found that several species possess an almost identical type of maculation and cannot satisfactorily be separated on this character alone with any degree of certainty; the genitalia in both sexes, however, provide excellent means of separation.

Resembles ellopiae Hgtn. in structure and sculpture, but with abdomen entirely black, not red as in that species. In Cushman's and Townes's synopses it traces to sodalis Ruthe, which it resembles in color, but from which it differs in its rounded, rather strongly receding temples, shorter malar space, narrower ocellocular space, very narrow epipleura of abdominal segments two, three, and four, the absence of median longitudinal propodeal carinae, and the much paler color of the wings.

In a collection of Mycetophilidae taken by H. E. McClure in Manitoba during the summer of 1936, there are two new species of the genus Sciara. The following are the descriptions of these new species.