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TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES USED IN CITRUS TO APHYTIS MELINUS DEBACH (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) AND RHIZOBIUS LOPHANTHAE (BLAISD.) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

T.S. Bellows Jr.  and
J.G. Morse
T.S. Bellows Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA 92521
J.G. Morse
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA 92521
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Abstract

The 48-h toxicities of freshly deposited residues of 28 insecticides against Aphytis melinus DeBach and Rhizobius lophanthae (Blaisd.) were evaluated at various rates. Rates as high as 4-fold the recommended field rate of several materials (formulated plant alkaloids, amitraz, formulated Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner endotoxin or exotoxin, and cryolite) revealed little mortality to either species. Concentration–mortality regressions were quantified for the remaining materials, which included five carbamates, a macrocyclic lactone, eight organophosphates, and four pyrethroids. Of these, pyrethroids in general were most toxic, followed by carbamates, and then organophosphates, to both species. Most materials tested were more toxic to A. melinus than to R. lophanthae.

Résumé

La toxicité des résidus de 28 insecticides fraîchement appliqués en diverses doses a été mesurée après 48 h chez Aphytis melinus DeBach et Rhizobius lophanthae (Blaisd.). Des doses même quatre fois plus élevées que la dose d’application recommandée en nature de plusieurs substances (diverses préparations d’alcaloïdes végétaux, amitraz, préparation d’endotoxine ou d’exotoxine de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, cryolite) ont causé peu de mortalité chez l’une ou chez l’autre espèce. Des régressions concentration–mortalité ont permis d’évaluer la toxicité d’autres substances, cinq carbamates, une lactone macrocyclique, huit organophosphates et quatre pyréthroïdes. Ce sont les pyréthroïdes qui se sont avérées les plus toxiques, suivies des carbamates, puis des organophosphates, chez les deux espèces. La plupart des substances étaient plus toxiques chez A. melinus que chez R. lophanthae.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 125 , Issue 6 , December 1993 , pp. 987 - 994
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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