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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SYMPIESIS MARYLANDENSIS GIRAULT (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS INFESTED BY ITS HOST, THE APPLE BLOTCH LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER CRATAEGELLA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Chris T. Maier  and
Ronald M. Weseloh
Chris T. Maier
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06504-1106
Ronald M. Weseloh
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 06504-1106
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Abstract

The spatial distribution of the eulophid Sympiesis marylandensis Girault was examined in Connecticut in October 1988 and 1989 by vacuum-sampling apple trees in three zones of two apple orchards infested by its gracillariid host, the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens). The abundance of females of S. marylandensis decreased with increasing distance of the zone or the sampled apple tree from the forest. The abundance of males in different regions of the orchard was similar. In two of three samples, the density of mines of leafminers was significantly higher near the edge than in the center of orchards. Parasitization of leafminers of the second generation and the number of female parasitoids vacuum-sampled during the third generation did not have a similar distributional pattern. We suggest that the amount of parasitism by S. marylandensis would be affected negatively by spraying trees at the border of orchards to kill immigrating pests.

Résumé

La répartition spatiale de Sympiesis marylandensis Girault a été étudiée au Connecticut, en octobre 1988 et 1989, par échantillonnage à la pompe à vide dans les pommiers de trois zones, dans deux vergers infestés par l’hôte, la mineuse Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens). L’abondance des femelles de S. marylandensis diminuait en fonction inverse de la distance entre la zone et la forêt ou entre l’arbre échantillonné et la forêt. L’abondance des mâles était semblable dans les différentes régions du verger. Dans deux des trois échantillons, la densité des galeries creusées par la mineuse était signiftcativement plus élevée près des bords du verger qu’en plein milieu. Les infestations des mineuses de deuxième génération et les parasitoïdes femelles recueillis par échantillonnage à la pompe à la troisième génération n’avaient pas la même répartition. Nous croyons que le parasitisme de S. marylandensis pourrait être réduit par arrosage des arbres situés en bordure des vergers de façon à détruire les insectes dévastateurs au moment de leur arrivée.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 2 , April 1995 , pp. 235 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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