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REDUNDANCY IN THE SEMIOCHEMICAL MESSAGE REQUIRED TO INDUCE ATTACK ON LODGEPOLE PINES BY THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.H. Borden ,
L.J. Chong  and
B.S. Lindgren
J.H. Borden
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
L.J. Chong
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
B.S. Lindgren
Affiliation:
Phero Tech Inc., 7572 Progress Way, R.R.#5, Delta, British Columbia, Canada V5L 3K3
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Abstract

Baited tree experiments confirmed the hypothesis that frontalin is a multifunctional pheromone that can induce the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, to aggregate on and mass-attack lodgepole pine, Pinus conforta var. latifolia Engelmann. A re-examination was undertaken of the role of four known semiochemicals, myrcene, trans-verbenol, exo-brevicomin, and frontalin, tested as tree baits alone (with the exception of myrcene) and in all possible combinations. There was considerable redundancy evident in the semiochemical signal. For example, myrcene + frontalin and trans-verbenol + exo-brevicomin induced attack on baited trees at similar levels of intensity. The results suggest that beetles of either sex could initiate a mass attack. During the most attractive phase of host colonization, redundancy in the semiochemical signal could act as a fail-safe mechanism to ensure perception of and response to odors from an attacked tree. In addition the standard, commercial, tree bait containing myrcene, trans-verbenol, and exo-brevicomin might be modified by deleting myrcene, making a more acceptable and cost-effective operational bait.

Résumé

Des expériences avec des arbres amorcés ont fortifié des hypothèses que la frontaline est une phéromone de fonction multiple, qui peut influer le dendroctone du pin ponderosa, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, de se rassembler dessus et d’attaquer en masse le pin tordu, Pinus conforta var. latifolia Engelmann. Un nouvel examen du rôle de quatre substances sémiochimiques connues, la myrocène, le trans-verbénol, l’exo-brévicomine et la frontaline a été entrepris, en les essayant comme appâts dans les arbres seulement (sauf pour la myrocène) et dans toutes les combinaisons possibles. Une redondance considérable a été évidente au signal sémiochimique. Par exemple, myrocène + frontaline et trans-verbénol + exo-brévicomine ont induit des attaques de niveaux d’intensité semblables aux arbres amorcés. Les résultats ont suggéré que les dendroctones de n’importe quel sexe pourrait initier une attaque en masse. Pendant la phase la plus attrayante de la colonisation de l’hôte, la redondance du signal sémiochimique pouvait agir comme un mécanisme manqué-réussi pour assurer la perception et la réponse aux odeurs émanant d’un arbre attaqué. De plus, l’appât commercial normal pour les arbres contenant la myrocène, le trans-verbénol et l’exo-brévicomine pourrait être modifié par la suppression de myrocène, pour le faire plus acceptable et un appât opératif économique.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 5 , October 1990 , pp. 769 - 777
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

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