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Reduced food consumption in the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae) parasitized by Blaesoxipha atlanis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Troy Danyk ,
Manfred Mackauer  and
Dan L. Johnson
Troy Danyk*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 – 1st Avenue South, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
Manfred Mackauer
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Dan L. Johnson
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 – 1st Avenue South, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1, and Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
*
2Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

Blaesoxipha atlanis (Aldrich) is a common parasite of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.) in western Canada. We tested the hypothesis that parasitism by B. atlanis reduces food consumption by adult M. sanguinipes. Unparasitized grasshoppers serving as controls and grasshoppers infected with a single parasite larva were fed known quantities of freshly cut wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Katepwa’) (Poaceae) leaves in the laboratory. The median development time in hosts of larvae of both male and female B. atlanis was 5.5 days. Two thirds of parasitized grasshoppers died within 9 days of infection, but all control insects survived. The dry mass of leaves consumed each day did not differ between parasitized insects that died and insects that survived parasitism; both groups fed less than unparasitized controls. The influence of parasitism on food consumption differed between host sexes, with feeding being depressed earlier and more severely in female than in male grasshoppers. The reduction in food consumption was most pronounced on day 6 after infection, when parasitized males and females consumed only 10% and 7%, respectively, of the food consumed by unparasitized controls. Parasite sex did not influence food consumption. Grasshoppers that survived parasitism by B. atlanis resumed feeding, consuming as much as unparasitized counterparts. Reduced food consumption limited the ability of grasshoppers to compensate for the nutritional demands of developing parasite larvae. As a consequence, parasitized grasshoppers lost body mass during the interaction. We propose that the temporary reduction in feeding by grasshoppers parasitized by B. atlanis that survive parasitism is not evidence of host regulation, but is consistent with a stress-induced alteration in host behaviour.

Résumé

Blaesoxipha atlanis (Aldrich) est un parasite commun de Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.) dans l'Ouest canadien. Nous avons vérifié l'hypothèse selon laquelle le parasitisme par B. atlanis réduit la consommation de nourriture chez les adultes de M. sanguinipes. En laboratoire, nous avons nourri de quantités connues de feuilles de blé (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Katepwa’) (Poaceae) fraîchement coupées des criquets témoins non parasités et des criquets porteurs d'une seule larve du parasite. La durée médiane du développement des larves mâles et femelles de B. atlanis dans leurs hôtes est de 5,5 jours. Deux tiers des criquets parasités sont morts en moins de 9 jours de l'infection, mais tous les criquets témoins ont survécu. La masse sèche des feuilles consommées chaque jour était la même chez les insectes parasités qui sont morts et chez ceux qui ont survécu au parasitisme; les deux groupes ont mangé moins que les témoins non parasités. L'influence du parasitisme sur la consommation de nourriture n'est pas la même chez les hôtes mâles et femelles: l'alimentation est réduite plus tôt et plus fortement chez les criquets femelles que chez les mâles. La réduction de la consommation de nourriture est maximale au jour 6 après l'infection; à ce moment, les mâles et les femelles parasités ne consomment respectivement que 10 % et 7 % de la nourriture ingérée par les témoins non parasités. Le sexe du parasite n'influence pas la consommation de nourriture. Les criquets qui survivent au parasitisme par B. atlanis se remettent à manger et consomment alors autant que les témoins non parasités. La réduction de la consommation de nourriture limite la capacité des criquets à compenser pour les besoins alimentaires des larves du parasite en développement. En conséquence, les criquets connaissent une réduction de leur masse corporelle pendant la durée du parasitisme. Nous croyons que la réduction temporaire de l'alimentation chez les criquets parasités par B. atlanis qui survivent au parasitisme n'est pas, de toute évidence, une régulation opérée par l'hôte, mais plutôt une altération du comportement de l'hôte causée par le stress.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 137 , Issue 3 , June 2005 , pp. 356 - 366
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2005

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Footnotes

1

Contribution No. (387) 04035 of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge.

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