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PHENOLOGY OF THE NATIVE PARASITOID SINOPHORUS MEGALODONTIS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) RELATIVE TO ITS INTRODUCED HOST, THE PINE FALSE WEBWORM (HYMENOPTERA: PAMPHILIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D. Barry Lyons
D. Barry Lyons*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
*
1 E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The parasitoid Sinophorus megalodontis Sanborne is a univoltine endoparasitoid that attacks larvae of the pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.). The morphologies of the egg, instar 1, and cocoon are described. Adult-emergence and Malaise traps were used to examine the patterns of adult activity in Ontario. Adults emerged from the soil over 17 d, in late May and early June, and the median emergence of males preceded that of females by 3.5 d. The sex ratio of emerging adults was approximately 1:1. Malaise traps collected more adults than did emergence traps and also provided information on adult flight period, but collections were biased towards captures of males. Dissections indicated that S. megalodontis oviposited in all instars of the host and that temporal and spatial variations occurred in coincidence with host instars. Encapsulation and superparasitism limited effectiveness of the parasitoids in reducing host populations. At the end of the larval period, the parasitism rate was 17.1%, but encapsulation reduced the effective rate to 9.0%. Superparasitism was observed in 4.8% of the host larvae. There was some indication that parasitism resulted in retardation of host development. Later-dropping host larvae had a significantly greater incidence of parasitism. The host is an introduced insect from Europe, whereas the parasitoid is likely endemic to North America. Few North American parasitoids attack this introduced species, and S. megalodontis appears limited in its ability to reduce the size of pine false webworm populations. Consequently, pine false webworm is a suitable candidate for classical biological control attempts with introduced parasitoids from Europe.

Résumé

Sinophorus megalodontis Sanborne est un endoparasitoïde univoltin qui s’attaque aux larves du pamphile Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.). On trouvera ici la description de la morphologie de l’oeuf, de la larve de stade I et du cocon. Des cages d’émergence et des pièges Malaise ont servi à évaluer l’activité des adultes en Ontario. Les adultes ont émergé du sol pendant plus de 17 jours, à la fin de mai et au début de juin, et le milieu de l’émergence des mâles a précédé celui des femelles de 3,5 jours. Le rapport mâles : femelles chez les adultes à l’émergence était approximativement de 1 : 1. Les pièges Malaise ont récolté plus d’adultes que les cages d’émergence et ont également fourni des informations sur la période de vol des adultes, mais ils capturaient davantage de mâles. Des dissections ont permis de constater que les femelles de S. megalodontis pondaient leurs oeufs chez tous les stades de l’hôte et que les variations temporelles et spatiales coïncidaient avec les changements de stade chez l’hôte. L’enkystement et le superparasitisme limitaient l’efficacité des parasitoïdes à réduire les populations d’hôtes. À la fin de la période larvaire, le taux de parasitisme était de 17,1%, mais l’enkystement a réduit l’efficacité des parasitoïdes à 9,0%. Le superparasitisme a été observé chez 4,8% des larves hôtes. Il semble également que le parasitisme ait retardé le développement de l’hôte. Chez les larves hôtes plus tardives, la fréquence du parasitime était significativement plus élevée. L’hôte est un insecte introduit d’Europe, alors que le parasitoïde est probablement endémique en Amérique du Nord. Peu de parasitoïdes nord-américains attaquent cette espèce introduite et S. megalodontis semble avoir une efficacité limitée à réduire la taille des populations du pamphile. Conséquem-ment, le pamphile Acantholyda erythrocephala est un candidat idéal pour des tentatives de lutte biologique au moyen de méthodes classiques utilisant des parasitoïdes introduits d’Europe.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 6 , December 1999 , pp. 787 - 800
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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