Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T16:31:42.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Operational mark–release–recapture field tests comparing competitiveness of wild and differentially mass-reared codling moths from the Okanagan–Kootenay sterile insect program

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2012

Gary J.R. Judd ,
Scott Arthur ,
Keith Deglow  and
Mark G.T. Gardiner
Gary J.R. Judd*
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
Scott Arthur
Affiliation:
Okanagan–Kootenay Sterile Insect Rearing Facility, Buena Vista Industrial Park11401 115th Street, Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1V5
Keith Deglow
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
Mark G.T. Gardiner
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pheromone trap catches and mating activity of sterile, mass-reared, diapaused and non-diapaused male codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were compared with those of wild diapaused males using mark–release–recapture field experiments in springtime. Sterile moths were provided by the Okanagan–Kootenay Sterile Insect Release (SIR) Program mass-rearing facility, in Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada. Nondiapause-reared (SIR-standard) and diapause-reared (SIR-diapaused) sterile males were recaptured in similar frequencies. Both types of sterile males were recaptured significantly less often than similarly released wild diapaused males, and ratios of recaptured sterile to wild males were similar with either sterile male. Ratios of sterile to wild males, using the combined catches of SIR-standard and SIR-diapaused males, were significantly lower when measured with traps baited with wild-females (21:1) than with traps baited with 10 μg pheromone (48:1). Both trapping ratios were markedly lower than the 80:1 ratio at which sterile and wild males were released. In mating studies, SIR-standard and SIR-diapaused males exhibited equivalent mating frequencies and both were recaptured in copula with tethered wild females significantly less often than released wild males. In the same mating studies, sterile mass-reared, diapaused males that had been chilled for 3 h at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC) before release (PARC-diapaused) were significantly more competitive than SIR-standard or SIR-diapaused males that averaged 24 h of chilling as part of normal SIR Program operations. PARC-diapaused males and released wild males mated with tethered females with equal frequency. We hypothesize that the length of time SIR males were chilled before being released may have caused SIR-diapaused males to be less mobile, and therefore less competitive with wild males in field mating assays, than were PARC-diapaused males. Based on these results, introduction of a diapause phase into the mass-rearing system used at the Osoyoos facility cannot currently be recommended as a means of improving trap-measured ratios of sterile to wild males, or increasing sterile × wild matings.

Résumé

Dans des expériences de marquage–libération–recapture en nature au printemps, nous avons comparé les captures au piège à phéromones et l'activité reproductrice chez des carpocapses de la pomme, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), stériles, produits par élevage intensif, après diapause et sans diapause à celles de mâles sauvages ayant terminé leur diapause. Les papillons stériles provenaient de l'installation d'élevage intensif du programme de Libération d'insectes stériles (SIR) d'Okanagan-Kootenay à Osoyoos, Colombie-Britannique, Canada. Les mâles stériles élevés sans diapause (SIR-standard) et avec diapause (SIR-diapause) ont été recapturés à des fréquences semblables. Les deux types de mâles stériles ont été recapturés significativement moins fréquemment que des mâles sauvages après diapause libérés de la même manière; le rapport entre les recaptures de mâles stériles et de mâles sauvages sont semblables chez les deux types de mâles stériles. Les rapports de mâles stériles et sauvages, basés sur les captures combinées de mâles SIR-standard et SIR-diapause, sont significativement plus bas dans les pièges munis de femelles sauvages (21:1) que dans ceux contenant 10 μg de phéromone (48:1). Les deux rapports de capture sont beaucoup plus bas que le rapport de 80:1 de libération des mâles stériles et sauvages. Dans les études d'accouplement, les mâles SIR-standard et SIR-diapause affichent des fréquences d'accouplement équivalentes et les deux ont été recapturés accouplés à des femelles sauvages en suspension par un fil significativement moins fréquemment que les mâles sauvages libérés. Lors des mêmes études d'accouplement, des mâles stériles, d'élevages intensifs et ayant complété la diapause (PARC-diapause) soumis à un refroidissement de 3 h au Pacific Agri-food Research Centre (PARC) avant leur libération sont significativement plus compétitifs que des mâles SIR-standard ou SIR-diapause qui ont subi un refroidissement moyen de 24 h dans le cadre des opérations normales du programme SIR. Les mâles PARC-diapause et les mâles sauvages libérés se sont accouplés avec des femelles en suspension à des fréquences égales. Nous croyons que la durée de l'exposition au froid des mâles SIR avant leur libération peut avoir rendu les mâles SIR-diapause moins mobiles et ainsi moins compétitifs que les mâles PARC-diapause dans les tests d'accouplement en nature par rapport aux mâles sauvages. D'après ces résultats, on ne peut recommander l'introduction d'une diapause dans le système d'élevage intensif utilisé dans l'installation d'Osoyoos comme moyen d'améliorer les rapports des mâles stériles et sauvages dans les pièges ni pour augmenter les accouplements stériles × sauvages.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Insect Management
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 143 , Issue 3 , June 2011 , pp. 300 - 316
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bäckman, A.-C. 1997. Pheromone release by codling moth females and mating disruption dispensers. International Organization for Biological Control, West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC WPRS) Bulletin, 20: 175–180.Google Scholar
Bloem, S.Bloem, K.A.Fielding, L.S. 1997. Mass-rearing and storing codling moth larvae in diapause: a novel approach to increase production for sterile insect release. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 94: 75–81.Google Scholar
Bloem, S.Bloem, K.A.Knight, A.L. 1998. Assessing the quality of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by using field release–recapture tests. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91: 1122–1130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloem, S.Bloem, K.A.Calkins, C.O. 2000. Incorporation of diapause into codling moth mass-rearing: production advantages and insect quality issues. In Joint Proceedings of the International Conference on area-wide control of insect pests, and the Fifth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, May–June 1998. Edited by Tan, K.-H.. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, Malaysia. pp. 329–335.Google Scholar
Bloem, S.Carpenter, J.E.Bloem, K.A.Tomlin, L.Taggart, S. 2004. Effect of rearing strategy and gamma radiation on field competitiveness of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 1891–1898. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-97.6.1891CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloem, S.Carpenter, J.E.Dorn, S. 2006. Mobility of mass-reared diapaused and nondiapaused Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): effect of different constant temperatures and lengths of cold storage. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 707–713. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-97.6.1891CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brinton, F.E.Proverbs, M.D.Carty, B.E. 1969. Artificial diet for mass production of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 101: 577–584. doi:10.4039/Ent101577-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunner, J.Welter, S.Calkins, C.Hilton, R.Beers, E.Dunley, J. et al. 2002. Mating disruption of codling moth: a perspective from western United States. International Organization for Biological Control WPRS Bulletin, 25: 11–20.Google Scholar
Dendy, C.Powell, M.G. 2001. A study of the financial sustainability of the Okanagan-Kootenay SIR Program for control of codling moth post 2005. Report to the Okanagan Valley Tree Fruit Authority and Okanagan-Kootenay SIR Board. August 2001. Vernon, British Columbia.Google Scholar
Dyck, V.A.Graham, S.H.Bloem, K.A. 1993. Implementation of the sterile insect release programme to eradicate the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), in British Columbia, Canada. In Proceedings of the FAO/IAEA International Symposium on Management of Insect Pests: Nuclear and Related Molecular and Genetic Techniques, 19–23 October 1992, Vienna. IAEA-SM-327/29, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. pp. 285–297.Google Scholar
Judd, G.J.R.Gardiner, M.G.T. 2006. Temperature, irradiation and delivery as factors affecting spring-time flight activity and recapture of mass-reared male codling moths released by the Okanagan–Kootenay sterile insect programme. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 103: 19–32. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00437.xGoogle Scholar
Judd, G.J.R.Gardiner, M.G.T.Thistlewood, H.M.A. 2004. Seasonal variation in recapture of mass-reared sterile codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): implications for control by sterile insect technique in British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 101: 29–43. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00431.xGoogle Scholar
Judd, G.J.R.Cockburn, S.Eby, C.Gardiner, M.G.T.Wood, S. 2006a. Diapause improves spring-time mating competitiveness of male codling moth mass-reared for a sterile insect programme. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 120: 161–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judd, G.J.R.Thistlewood, H.M.A.Gardiner, M.G.T.Lannard, B.L. 2006b. Is lack of mating competitiveness in spring linked to mating asynchrony between wild and mass-reared male codling moth from an operational sterile insect programme? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 120: 113–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, A.L. 2008. Codling moth areawide integrated pest management. In Areawide pest management: theory and implementation. Edited by Koul, O.Cuperus, G.W.Elliottt, N.. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 159–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knipling, E.F. 1979. The basic principles of insect suppression and management. United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agriculture Handbook 512, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Landolt, P.J.Suckling, D.M.Judd, G.J.R. 2007. Positive interaction of a feeding attractant and a host kairomone for trapping the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 33: 2236–2244. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9391-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMechan, A.D.Proverbs, M.D. 1972. Equipment and procedures for release of sterile codling moths. Canadian Agriculture Engineering, 14: 42–45.Google Scholar
Okanagan-Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Program 2003. Policy, procedure and quality control manual. Okanagan-Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Board, Osoyoos, British Columbia.Google Scholar
Proverbs, M.D. 1964. The sterile male technique and its possible use for codling moth eradication. The Canadian Entomologist, 96: 143.. doi:10.4039/Ent96143-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, A.S.Proverbs, M.D. 1975. Field cage competition tests with nonirradiated wild and irradiated laboratory strain of the codling moth. Environmental Entomology, 4: 166–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thistlewood, H.M.A.Judd, G.J.R. 2003. Area-wide management of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, at very low densities. International Organization for Biological Control, West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC WPRS) Bulletin, 26: 103–109.Google Scholar
Thistlewood, H.M.A.Judd, G.J.R.Clodius, M.E.O. 2004. Sustainable management and monitoring of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in an area-wide program employing SIT. In Proceedings of the Second Research Coordination Meeting: Improvement of Codling Moth SIT to Facilitate Expansion of Field Application, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 8–12 March 2004. IAEA-314-D4-RC876, Working Paper Series, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. pp. 79–87.Google Scholar
Tyson, R.Newton, K.D.Thistlewood, H.Judd, G. 2008. Mating rates between sterile and wild codling moths (Cydia pomonella) in springtime: a simulation study. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 254: 319–330. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.05.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, L.D.Hutt, R.B. 1975. Codling moths: catches of irradiated and untreated laboratory-reared and native males in synthetic sex attractant traps. Journal of Economic Entomology, 68: 449–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. 2nd ed.Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.Google Scholar