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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 May 2012
Coleoptera may be described as Mandibulate Insects, with the forewings horny and the two basal abdominal joints invisible on the venter.
A reduction in the number of abdominal joints at the tip and in the number of joints in the tarsi indicates advancement in rank among Coleoptera. Likewise, a specialization of the antennae to clavicorn or lamellicorn indicates advancement, as well as does the degradation of the larva.