Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T19:22:35.106Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Native parasitoids of Dalbulus elimatus and Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in winter crops of central Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Gustavo Moya-Raygoza
Gustavo Moya-Raygoza
Affiliation:
Departamento de Botanica y Zoologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, km 15.5 carretera Guadalajara–Nogales, Las Agujas, Zapopan, C.P. 45110, Apdo. Postal 139, Jalisco, Mexico (e-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Native parasitoids of the adult Mexican corn leafhopper, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball), and corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Delong and Wolcott), are described and their rates of parasitism on maize, Zea mays L., common barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and sorghum, Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae) in central Mexico are determined. The survey was conducted throughout an annual cycle, with sampling of the previous season's crops when they were available. Leafhoppers showing evidence of parasitism were reared individually in the laboratory to obtain adult parasitoids. Adult D. elimatus were parasitized on winter maize, barley, and sorghum by the fly Eudorylas subopacus (Loew) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) and the wasp Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), whereas adult D. maidis were parasitized by these fly and wasp parasitoids on winter maize only. The highest rates of parasitism of D. elimatus by E. subopacus were 57.4% on maize, 39.6% on barley, and 48.8% on sorghum. The highest rate of parasitism of D. maidis by E. subopacus was 20.4% on maize. In contrast, the highest rates of parasitism of D. elimatus by G. bartletti were 9.4% on maize, 2.7% on barley, and 25.8% on sorghum. The highest rate of parasitism of D. maidis by G. bartletti was 7.1% on maize. These results indicate that winter crops are habitats of E. subopacus and G. bartletti during the winter season. This is the first report of D. elimatus and D. maidis being parasitized by E. subopacus and of D. elimatus being parasitized by G. bartletti.

Résumé

La présente étude décrit les parasitoïdes indigènes des adultes de la cicadelle mexicaine du maïs, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball), et de la cicadelle du maïs, Dalbulus maidis (Delong et Wolcott), et calcule leurs taux de parasitisme sur le maïs, Zea mays L., l'orge, Hordeum vulgare L. et le sorgho, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae) dans le centre du Mexique. L'inventaire s'est poursuivi tout au cours du cycle annuel avec, lorsque c'était possible, un échantillonnage des récoltes de la saison précédente. Les cicadelles portant des indices de parasitisme ont été élevées individuellement en laboratoire pour récupérer les parasitoïdes adultes. Les mouches Eudorylas subopacus (Loew) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) et les guêpes Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) parasitent les adultes de D. elimatus sur l'orge, le sorgho et le maïs d'hiver, alors que les mouches et les guêpes parasitoïdes parasitent D. maidis seulement sur le maïs d'hiver. Le parasitisme le plus important de E. subopacus sur D. elimatus est 57,4 % sur le maïs, de 39,6 % sur l'orge et de 48,8 % sur le sorgho. Le parasitisme le plus élevé de E. subopacus sur D. maidis est de 20,4 % sur le maïs. En revanche, le parasitisme le plus important de G. bartletti sur D. elimatus est 9,4 % sur le maïs, de 2,7 % sur l'orge et de 25,8 % sur le sorgho. Le parasitisme le plus élevé de G. bartletti sur D. maidis est de 7,1 % sur le maïs. Ces résultats indiquent que les cultures d'hiver constituent les habitats d'E. subopacus et de G. bartletti pendant l'hiver. Cet article est le premier à signaler que D. elimatus et D. maidis sont parasités par E. subopacus, alors que D. elimatus l'est par G. bartletti.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 139 , Issue 5 , October 2007 , pp. 722 - 727
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, D. 1954. Biología, ecología y distributión de las chicharritas, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) y Dalbulus maidis (DeL. & W.). Folleto Técnico 11, Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Oficina de Estudios Especiales, Mexico D.F., Mexico.Google Scholar
Bartlett, K.A. 1939. A dryinid parasite attacking Baldulus maidis in Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 22: 497–497.Google Scholar
Clausen, C.P. 1972. Entomophagous insects. Haffner Publishing Company, New York.Google Scholar
Corbett, A., and Rosenheim, J.A. 1996. Impact of a natural enemy overwintering refuge and its interaction with the surrounding landscape. Ecological Entomology, 21: 155–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kathirithamby, J., and Moya-Raygoza, G. 2000. Halictophagus naulti sp.n. (Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae), a new species parasitic in the corn leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93: 1039–1044.Google Scholar
Moya-Raygoza, G. 1995. Fire effects on insects associated with the gamagrass Tripsacum dactyloides in Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88: 434–440.Google Scholar
Moya-Raygoza, G. 2002. Distributión y hábitats de Dalbulus spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) durante la estación seca en México. Acta Zoologica Mexexicana (n.s.), 85: 119–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moya-Raygoza, G., and Trujillo-Arriaga, J. 1993. Dryinid (Hym.: Dryinidae) parasitoids of Dalbulus leafhopper (Hom.: Cicadellidae) in Mexico. Entomophaga, 38: 41–49.Google Scholar
Moya-Raygoza, G., Kathirithamby, J., and Larsen, K.J. 2004. Dry season parasitoids of adult corn leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on irrigated maize in Mexico. The Canadian Entomologist, 136: 119–127.Google Scholar
Murphy, B.C., Rosenheim, J.A., Dowell, R.V., and Granett, J. 1998. Habitat diversification tactic for improving biological control: parasitism of the western grape leafhopper. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 87: 225–235.Google Scholar
Nault, L.R. 1980. Maize bushy stunt and corn stunt: a comparison of disease symptoms, pathogen host ranges, and vectors. Phytopathology, 70: 659–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nault, L.R. 1983. Origins in Mesoamerica of maize viruses and mycoplasmas and their leafhopper vectors. In Plant virus epidemiology: the spread and control of insect borne viruses. Edited by Plumb, R.T. and Thresh, J.M.. Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom. pp. 259–266.Google Scholar
Nault, L.R. 1990. Evolution of an insect pest: maize and the corn leafhopper, a case study. Maydica, 35: 165–175.Google Scholar
Skevington, J., and Marshall, S.A. 1997. First record of a big-headed fly, Eudorylas alternatus (Cresson) (Diptera: Pipunculidae), reared from the subfamily Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with an overview of pipunculid–host associations in the Nearctic region. The Canadian Entomologist, 129: 387–398.Google Scholar
Summers, C.G., Newton, A.S. Jr., and Opgenorth, D.C. 2004. Overwintering of corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and Spiroplasma kunkelii (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) in California's San Joaquin valley. Environmental Entomology, 33: 1644–1651.Google Scholar
Triplehorn, B.W., and Nault, L.R. 1985. Phylogenetic classification of the genus Dalbulus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and notes on the phylogeny of the Macrostelini. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78: 291–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vega, F.E., and Barbosa, P. 1990. Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) in Mexico: a previously unreported parasitoid of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) and the Mexican corn leafhopper Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 92: 461–461.Google Scholar
Vega, F.E., Barbosa, P., and Perez, A.P. 1991. Eudorylas (Metadorylas) sp. (Diptera: Pipunculidae): a previously unreported parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) and Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 123: 241–242.Google Scholar
Virla, E.G., and Olmi, M. 1998. The Dryinidae of Argentina (Hymenoptera-Chrysidoidea). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 22: 19–35.Google Scholar
Waloff, N., and Jervis, M.A. 1987. Communities of parasitoids associated with leafhoppers and planthoppers in Europe. Advances in Ecological Research, 17: 299–313.Google Scholar
Williams, L. III., and Martinson, T.E. 2000. Colonization of New York vineyards by Anagrus spp. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): overwintering biology, within-vineyard distribution of wasps, and parasitism of grape leafhopper, Erythroneura spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) eggs. Biological Control, 18: 136–146.Google Scholar