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A method for induction and quantification of diapause entry in the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 November 2012

Lauren E. Des Marteaux ,
Marc B. Habash ,
Jonathan M. Schmidt  and
Rebecca H. Hallett
Lauren E. Des Marteaux*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Marc B. Habash
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Jonathan M. Schmidt
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Rebecca H. Hallett*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).
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Abstract

Induction of diapause under laboratory conditions is a valuable tool for the study of dormancy in economic pests such as the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In the present study, diapause in larval swede midge was achieved via manipulation of rearing photoperiod and temperature. Frequency of diapause was assessed by sieve separation of diapause cocoons from pre-sifted peat substrate following emergence of pupating individuals. Mean diapause frequency for swede midge larvae reared under cool conditions with short day length or cool conditions with decreasing day lengths were 45.2% and 19.5%, respectively. Only 1.2% of swede midge reared under warm, long day length conditions entered diapause. A small percentage of larvae neither pupated nor entered diapause and remained in substrate long after other individuals had emerged as adults. This behaviour was more prevalent under cool and short or decreasing day length rearing conditions. Approximately 76% of the larvae used for diapause induction were recovered with the present larval and cocoon retrieval method, and premature (larval and pupal) mortality averaged 18.2%. Although diapause occurred in the present study, conditions resulting in higher diapause frequencies should be investigated and attempts should be made to improve survival and recovery of individuals.

Résumé

L'induction de la diapause dans des conditions de laboratoire est un outil précieux pour l’étude de la dormance chez les insectes ravageurs d'importance économique, tels que la cécidomyie du chou-fleur, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Dans notre étude, des manipulations des photopériodes et des températures d’élevage ont provoqué la diapause chez les larves de la cécidomyie du chou-fleur. La récupération des cocons en diapause par tamisage du substrat de tourbe pré-tamisée, après l’émergence des individus qui ont complété la nymphose, a permis d'estimer la fréquence de la diapause. La fréquence moyenne de la diapause est de 45,2% chez les larves de la cécidomyie du chou-fleur élevées en conditions fraîches et en photophase courte et de 19,5% en conditions fraîches avec durée décroissante de la photophase. Seulement 1,2% des larves de la cécidomyie du chou-fleur élevées dans des conditions de jours longs et chauds entrent en diapause. Un petit pourcentage de larves n'entre ni en nymphose ni en diapause et demeure dans le substrat longtemps après que les autres individus aient émergé comme adultes. Ce comportement est plus fréquent sous des conditions d’élevage à température fraîche et à photophase courte ou décroissante. Nous avons retrouvé environ 76% des larves utilisées dans les expériences d'induction de la diapause avec notre méthode de récupération des larves et des cocons; la mortalité avant la maturité (des larves et des nymphes) est en moyenne de 18,2%. Bien que la diapause se soit produite durant notre étude, il reste nécessaire de rechercher des conditions menant à des fréquences plus élevées de diapause et d'essayer d'améliorer la survie et la récupération des individus.

Type
Original Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 144 , Issue 6 , December 2012 , pp. 792 - 800
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2012

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