Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:24:09.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LIFE CYCLE AND MORTALITY OF PISSODES TERMINALIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN LODGEPOLE PINE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David W. Langor  and
Daryl J.M. Williams
David W. Langor
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Daryl J.M. Williams
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The seasonal life history and mortality of the lodgepole terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were investigated in young lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae), at three sites in west-central Alberta. Flight was monitored with traps. Development and mortality of all stages were investigated by dissecting infested leaders biweekly from late spring to early fall. Two years were required for P. terminalis to complete its life cycle, and generations overlapped. Overwintered adults emerged from the duff and commenced flight in late May, with a peak in mid-June. Eggs were present from mid-June to late July. There were four larval instars. The first two instars fed only in the phloem. Third and fourth larval instars eventually entered the pith to continue feeding, overwinter, and complete development the following spring. The new generation of adults emerged between mid-July and early August, fed on new shoots for several weeks, and overwintered in the duff. Adults have an obligatory diapause and did not reproduce until after winter. Fourth larval instars suffered the highest mortality. The major attributable cause of mortality was resinosis among eggs and young larvae and cold temperatures during the winter among mature larvae. Pathogens caused little mortality. Six species of parasitoids were collected.

Résumé

Le cycle saisonnier et la mortalité saisonnière ont été étudiés chez le Charançon du pin tordu, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), dans de jeunes pins Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae) en trois points du centre ouest de l’Alberta. Le vol a été suivi au moyen de pièges. Le développement et la mortalité à tous les stades ont été étudiés par dissection bihebdomadaire de bourgeons terminaux de la fin du printemps au début de l’automne. Il faut 2 ans à P. terminalis pour faire tout son cycle et les générations se chevauchent. Les adultes qui ont survécu à l’hiver sortent de la couche de litière et deviennent actifs à la fin de mai et leur période de vol la plus intense se produit à la mi-juin. On peut trouver des oeufs de la mi-juin à la fin de juillet. Il y a quatre stades larvaires; les larves des deux premiers stades se nourrissent exclusivement dans le phloème. Les larves des troisième et quatrième stades pénètrent éventuellement dans la couche médullaire pour se nourrir et passer l’hiver et elles y finissent leur développement au printemps suivant. Les adultes de cette nouvelle génération émergent entre la mi-juillet et le début d’août, se nourrissent des nouvelles pousses pendant plusieurs semaines et passent l’hiver dans la couche de litière. Les adultes ont une diapause obligatoire et ne se reproduisent pas avant la fin de l’hiver. Ce sont les larves de quatrième stade qui ont subi le plus haut taux de mortalité au cours de l’étude. La résinose a été la principale cause de mortalité des charançons aux stades d’oeuf et de jeune larve; chez les larves à maturité, ce sont les températures froides en hiver qui ont causé le plus de mortalité. Les pathogènes ont entraîné peu de mortalité. Six espèces de parasitoïdes ont été recueillies.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 130 , Issue 4 , August 1998 , pp. 387 - 397
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alfaro, R.I. 1995. An induced defence reaction in white spruce to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 1725–1730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, E.A., and Stark, R.W.. 1989. Variations in the life cycle of the lodgepole terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in California. The Canadian Entomologist 121: 793–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, W.N., and Houseweart, M.W.. 1982. Life tables of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi, in central Maine. Environmental Entomology 11: 555–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drouin, J.A., Sullivan, C.R., and Smith, S.G.. 1963. Occurrence of Pissodes terminalis Hopp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canada: life history, behaviour, and cytogenetic identification. The Canadian Entomologist 95: 70–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gara, R.I., and Wood, J.O.. 1989. Termination of reproductive diapause in the Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck) (Col., Curculionidae), in western Washington. Journal of Applied Entomology 108: 156–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harman, D.M., and Kulman, H.M.. 1966. A technique for sexing live white-pine weevils, Pissodes strobi. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 59: 315–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harman, D.M., and Kulman, H.M.. 1967. Ovariole development in the white-pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 60: 1146–1150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopping, G.R. 1961. Insects injurious to lodgepole pine in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Region. pp. 77–87in Smithers, L.A. (Ed.), Lodgepole Pine in Alberta. Canadian Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, Ont.Google Scholar
Hopping, R. 1920. A new species of the genus Pissodes (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 52: 132–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovacs, E. 1988. Terminal weevils of lodgepole pine and their parasitoid complex in British Columbia. M.Sc. thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.Google Scholar
Kovacs, E., and McLean, J.A.. 1990 a. Notes on the longevity, fecundity and development of Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 87: 68–73.Google Scholar
Kovacs, E., and McLean, J.A.. 1990 b. Emergence of terminal weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their parasitoids from lodgepole pine in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 87: 75–79.Google Scholar
Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D. Jr., Smith, D.R., and Burks, B.D. (Eds.). 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langor, D.W. 1998. Annotated bibliography of North and Central American species of bark weevils, Pissodes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forestry Service Northern Forest Research Centre Information Report NOR–X–355.Google Scholar
Langor, D.W., and Raske, A.G.. 1987. Reproduction and development of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Newfoundland. The Canadian Entomologist 119: 985–992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langor, D.W., Drouin, J.A., and Wong, H.R.. 1991. The lodgepole terminal weevil in the prairie provinces. Forestry Canada Northern Forest Research Centre Forest Management Note 55.Google Scholar
Maclauchlan, L.E. 1992. Attack dynamics, impact, and biology of Pissodes terminalis Hopping in regenerating lodgepole pine stands. Ph.D. thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C.Google Scholar
Maclauchlan, L.E., and Borden, J.H.. 1995. Discrimination between pine shoots with and without oviposition by Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist 127: 267–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclauchlan, L.E., and Borden, J.H.. 1996. Spatial dynamics and impacts of Pissodes terminalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in regenerating stands of lodgepole pine. Forest Ecology and Management 82: 103–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maher, T.F. 1982. The biology and impact of the lodgepole terminal weevil in the Cariboo Forest Region. M.F. thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.Google Scholar
Morris, O.N., and Olsen, P.. 1970. Insect disease survey in British Columbia 1964–1969. Canadian Forestry Service Forest Research Laboratory Information Report BC–X–47.Google Scholar
Overhulser, D.L., and Gara, R.I.. 1981. Site and host factors affecting the Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes strobi, in western Washington. Environmental Entomology 10: 611–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salman, K.A. 1935. The effects of attack by Pissodes terminalis Hopping on lodgepole pine in California. Journal of Economic Entomology 28: 496–497.Google Scholar
Silver, G.T. 1968. Studies of the Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes sitchensis, in British Columbia. The Canadian Entomologist 100: 93–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, R.W., and Wood, D.L.. 1964. The biology of Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in California. The Canadian Entomologist 96: 1208–1218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, R.E., and Knopf, J.A.E.. 1974. Lodgepole terminal weevil in interior lodgepole pine forests. Environmental Entomology 3: 998–1002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, R.E., and Petty, J.J.. 1968. Lodgepole terminal weevil (Pissodes terminalis Hopping) in the Alberta/Northwest Territories region. Canadian Forest Service Bi-Monthly Research Notes 24(1): 6.Google Scholar
Streett, D.A., Sprague, V., and Harman, D.M.. 1975. Brief study of microsporidian pathogens in the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi. Chesapeake Science 16: 32–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Driesche, R.G. 1983. Meaning of “percent parasitism” in studies of insect parasitoids. Environmental Entomology 12: 1611–1622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, G.G. 1984. Observations of a microsporidian parasite in the white pine weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Canadian Forest Service Research Notes 4: 33–35.Google Scholar