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INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC LARVAL COMPETITION IN APHIDIUS SMITHI AND PRAON PEQUODORUM (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

F. J. Chow  and
M. Mackauer
F. J. Chow
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6
M. Mackauer
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6
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Abstract

Superparasitism and multiple parasitism of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), by the solitary hymenopterous parasites Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao and Praon pequodorum Viereck were studied in the laboratory. In intraspecific competition, an older larva usually eliminated a younger one; exceptions to this rule depended on the relative age difference and developmental stage of the competitors. In interspecific competition, P. pequodorum was intrinsically superior to A. smithi, regardless of the latter's age. The stage of host parasitized and the number of competing larvae had no significant effect on the outcome of the contest. A. smithi females discriminated against aphids previously parasitized by a conspecific female or by P. pequodorum, the degree of oviposition restraint increasing with the time between ovipositions. P. pequodorum females attacked aphids already parasitized by A. smithi, regardless of the age of the Aphidius larva, but avoided oviposition when the aphid contained a Praon larva or embryo. The rate of embryonic development is shown as a major factor in contest-type competition between first-stage larvae.

Résumé

Le superparasitisme et le parasitisme multiple du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) par les parasites hyménoptères solitaires Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao et Praon pequodorum Viereck, ont été étudiés au laboratoire. Dans les cas de compétition intra-spécifique, une larve plus agée a généralement éliminé une larve plus jeune; les exceptions à cette règle dépendaient de la différence relative d'âge et du stade de développement des compétiteurs. Dans les cas de compétition interspécifique, P. pequodorum s'est révélé intrinsèquement supérieur à A. smithi, peu importe l'âge de ce dernier. Le stade de l'hôte parasité et le nombre de larves concurrentes n'ont pas eu d'effet significatif sur le résultat de la compétition. Les femelles d'A. smithi ont discriminé les hôtes déjà parasités par une femelle conspécifique ou par P. pequodorum, le degré restriction de l'oviposition augmentant avec le temps écoulé entre les ovipositions. Les femelles de P. pequodorum ont attaqué les pucerons déjà parasités par A. smithi peu importe l'âge de la larve d'Aphidius, mais ont évité la ponte dans un puceron contenant une larve ou un embryon de Praon. La vitesse de développement embryonnaire apparait comme facteur d'importance majeure dans la compétition de type concurrence entre larves de premier stade.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 8 , August 1984 , pp. 1097 - 1107
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

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