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Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: IV. Recognition and Extent of Damage to Cones1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

L. A. Lyons
L. A. Lyons
Affiliation:
Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
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Extract

The broad study of factors responsible for poor seed production by red pines (Pinus resinosae Ait.) in central and southern Ontario has been concerned with the seed production capacity and efficiency of sound cones (1) and the description, life history, behaviour, and natural control of cone-inhabiting insects (2, 3, 4). The present contribution, which concludes the four-part series on red pine cone insects, deals with the time and duration of cone attack by the various insect species and the variability in the intensity of cone damage from year to year and from one locality to another. As an aid to the field diagnosis of the cause of cone damage, keys based on the appearance of mature larvae and injured cones are included.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 89 , Issue 6 , June 1957 , pp. 264 - 271
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1957

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References

(1)Lyons, L. A. 1956. The seed production capacity and efficiency of red pine cones (Pinus resinosa Ait.). Can. Jour. Bot. 34: 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2)Lyons, L. A. 1956. Insects affecting seed production in red pine. I. Conophthorus resinosae Hopk. (Coleoptera. Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 88: 599–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(3)Lyons, L. A. 1957. Insects affecting seed production in red pine. II. Dioryctria spp. (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). Can. Ent. 89: 70–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(4)Lyons, L. A. 1957. Insects affecting seed production in red pine. III. Eucosma monitorana Hein., Laspeyresia toreuta Grt., (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), Rubsaamenia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and other insects. Can. Ent.CrossRefGoogle Scholar