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The genetic population structure of lotic and lentic mayflies of the Baetis vernus group (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2012

Marcus K. Drotz ,
Eino Savolainen ,
Anssi Saura  and
Gunilla Ståhls
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Abstract

Nymphs of lotic mayflies live in environments that are expected to give rise to different degrees of population structuring. Here we investigate two taxa adapted to different lifestyles. Baetis macani Kimmins (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) lives in flowing water; brooks that may periodically dry out in the summer or freeze to the bottom in winter. Baetis jaervii Savolainen is mostly found in sedge belts along the shores of lakes. Most insects living in flowing water show low levels of among-population genetic differentiation within and among catchments. Levels of differentiation in the lotic species are therefore assumed to be lower than in lentic B. jaervii. Here we test this hypothesis. Mitochondrial DNA and allele frequencies of nuclear genes were used to detect population structure in specimens originating from an extensive area from northern Finland. The genetic differentiation among populations of the lotic B. macani is more than twice the corresponding value for the lentic B. jaervii (FST 0.33 versus 0.15, while the mean FST between species was 0.33 and significant). The result is congruent within the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) partial gene frequencies. We argue that the significant genetic population structure, which only was found in the lotic B. macani, is differentiated as a consequence to the unpredictable environment as contrasted to the stable environment in standing bodies of water.

Résumé

Les larves d’éphémères des eaux courantes vivent dans des environnements qu'on croit devoir provoquer divers degrés de structuration de la population. Nous examinons ici deux taxons adaptés à des styles de vie différents. Baetis macani Kimmins (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) vit en eau courante, dans des ruisseaux qui peuvent s'assécher périodiquement en été ou geler jusqu'au fond en hiver. Baetis jaervii Savolainen se retrouve surtout dans les ceintures de laîches le long des rives des lacs. La plupart des insectes qui vivent en eau courante possèdent de faibles niveaux de différenciation génétique au sein des populations dans un même bassin versant et entre les bassins. On présume donc que les niveaux de différenciation de l'espèce d'eau courante sont plus bas que ceux de B. jaervii qui vit en eau stagnante. Nous testons cette hypothèse. L'ADN mitochondrial et les fréquences alléliques des gènes nucléaires nous ont servi à déterminer la structure de population chez des spécimens provenant d'une grande région du nord de la Finlande. La différenciation génétique dans les populations de l'espèce lotique B. macani est plus de deux fois plus élevée que la valeur correspondante chez l'espèce lentique B. jaervii (FST 0,33 par rapport à 0,15, alors que le FST moyen entre les espèces est 0,33 et significatif). Ce résultat est compatible avec les fréquences partielles des gènes dans le cas de la sous-unité 1 du gène de la cytochrome c oxydase (COI). Nous croyons que la structure génétique significative de population, qui se retrouve seulement chez l'espèce lotique B. macani, se développe à cause de l'environnement imprévisible, alors que l'environnement est stable dans les plans d'eau stagnante.

Type
Original Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 144 , Issue 5 , October 2012 , pp. 679 - 690
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2012

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