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FORECASTING PHENOLOGY OF ORTHOSIA HIBISCI GUENÉE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA USING SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAPS AND DEGREE-DAY MODELS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Gary J.R. Judd  and
Mark G.T. Gardiner
Gary J.R. Judd
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
Mark G.T. Gardiner
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
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Abstract

Emergence, oviposition, and seasonal flight activity of adult, speckled green fruit worm, Orthosia hibisci Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were monitored during 1991 and 1992 in a mixed block of McIntosh and Spartan apple trees at Summerland, British Columbia, to establish relationships between the phenology of these events and degree-days (DD). Using air temperatures and a developmental threshold of 3 °C, median emergence of males was predicted most accurately (0–2 days) by starting DD summations on 1 March. Median emergence of females was predicted without error when first catch of a male in a trap baited with sex attractant was used as a population reference point (biofix) to start DD summation. Using a threshold temperature of 3 °C, observed cumulative emergence of females reached 50% at 63.5 ± 4.05 DD3 °C after biofix, similar to the laboratory-derived prediction of 61.3 ± 4.2 DD with a threshold temperature of 2.8 °C. Catches of males with sex attractant preceded oviposition, but female catches in light traps lagged behind oviposition, suggesting older females were being caught in light traps. The oviposition curve was linear and parallel to the cumulative curve of male catches with sex attractant. Oviposition began at 26.7 DD3 °C and reached 50% at 94.2 DD3 °C after biofix, respectively. Weibull equations fitted to observed cumulative catches with sex attractant, female emergence, and oviposition, combined with laboratory-derived DD models of egg and larval development, were used to predict phenology of O. hibisci and correlate it with flowering phenology of pome fruits. This study provides a basis for timing application of selective insecticides against O. hibisci based on first catch in a sex-attractant trap and DD summations.

Résumé

L’émergence, la ponte et le vol saisonnier des adultes de l’Orthosie verte, Orthosia hibisci Guenée (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), ont été étudiés en 1991 et 1992 dans un verger de pommiers McIntosh et Spartan à Summerland, Colombie-Britannique, dans le but d’établir la relation entre ces événements et la sommation des degrés-jours (DJ). En tenant compte de la température de l’air et du seuil de développement de 3 °C, l’émergence médiane des mâles a pu être établie assez exactement (0–2 jours) en commençant la sommation des degrés-jours le 1er mars. L’émergence médiane des femelles a été prévue exactement lorsque la première capture d’un mâle dans un piège à phéromones a servi de biopoint pour commencer la sommation des degrés-jours. L’émergence cumulative réelle des femelles a atteint 50% à 63,5 ± 4,05 DJ3 °C après le biopoint, une valeur semblable à la valeur théorique établie en laboratoire, 61,3 ± 4,2 DJ2,8 °C. La capture de mâles dans les pièges à phéromones a précédé la ponte, mais, dans des pièges lumineux, des femelles ont continué d’être capturées après la ponte, ce qui semble indiquer que des femelles plus âgées étaient attirées par les pièges lumineux. La courbe de la ponte était linéaire et parallèle à la courbe cumulative de capture des mâles dans les pièges à phéromones. La ponte a commencé à 26,7 DJ3 °C et a atteint une valeur de 50% à 94,2 DJ3 °C après le biopoint. Des équations de Weibull ajustées à la courbe cumulative de capture dans les pièges à phéromones, à l’émergence des femelles et à la ponte, combinées aux modèles de développement des oeufs et des larves basés sur les degrés-jours en laboratoire, ont permis d’établir la phénologie d’O. hibisci et de la relier à la phénologie de la floraison des pommiers. Les résultats de cette étude permettront de prévoir la période optimale d’application d’insecticides sélectifs contre O. hibisci d’après les premières captures dans des pièges à phéromones et la sommation des degrés-jours.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 5 , October 1997 , pp. 815 - 825
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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