Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:56:08.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Elm Bark Beetles in Southwestern Ontario1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R. J. Finnegan
Affiliation:
Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Extract

The Dutch elm disease is caused by the fungus Ceratostomella ulmi (Schwartz) Buis. It was first reported in the United States at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1930 (ll), and has since spread westward to Colorado and northeastward into Vermont (22). It is believed that the disease was accidentally introduced into the United States from Europe, where it has caused heavy mortality of elms since its discovery in 1919 (7, 19, 20). In Canada the disease was first recorded by Pomerleau (14) at St. Ours, Que. This infection proved to be centred around Sorel, Que., and since it was isolated from the nearest known infection in the United States by approximately 200 miles, is regarded as a separate introduction from Europe. The Sorel infection spread very rapidly, and by the end of 1950, the area between Montreal, Quebec City, and Sherbrooke was heavily infested by the fungus (17). I t has since spread westward as far as Ottawa and Kingston in 0ntario (16).

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1957

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

(1)Chamberlain, W. J. 1939. The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico. OSC Coop. Assoc., Corvallis, Oregon.Google Scholar
(2)Chapman, J. W. 1910. The introduction of a European scolytid (the smaller elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus Marsh.) into Massachusetts. Psyche 17: 6368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(3)Collins, C. W.et al. 1936. Bark beetles and other possible insect vectors of the Dutch elm disease Ceratostomella ulmi (Schwartz) Buisman, J. Econ. Ent., 29: 169176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(4)Collins, C. W. 1941. Studies of elm insects associated with Dutch elm disease fungus. J. Econ. Ent. 34: 369372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(5)Collins, D. L. 1938. Feeding habits of Scolytus multistriatus Marsham with reference to the Dutch elm disease, J. Econ. Ent. 31: 196200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(6)Finnegan, R. J. 1950. Bionomics of the native elm bark beetle Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichhoff) in Quebec. M. Sc. (F.) Thesis, University of New Brunswick.Google Scholar
(7)Guyot, M. 1921. Notes de pathologie végétale. Bull. Soc. de Path. Veg. de France 8: 132136.Google Scholar
(8)Jones, T. H. 1939. Elm bark beetles. U.S. Dept. Agr., Leaflet 185.Google Scholar
(9)Kaston, B. J. 1939. The native elm bark beetle Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichhoff) in Connecticut. Conn. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 420.Google Scholar
(10)Martin, C. H. 1936. Preliminary report of trap-log studies on elm bark beetles. J. Econ. Ent. 29: 297306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(11)May, C. and Gravatt, G. F.. 1931. The Dutch elm disease. U.S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 170.Google Scholar
(12)McCallum, A. W. and Stewart, K. E.. 1951. Dutch elm disease. Can. Dept. Agr. Proc. Pub.Google Scholar
(13)Parker, K. G.et al. 1941. Transmission of the Dutch elm disease pathogen by Scolytus multistriatus and the development of infection. Phytopathology 31: 657663.Google Scholar
(14)Pomerleau, R. 1945. La maladie Hollandaise de l'orme au Canada. Rec. Canad. Biol. 4: 116118.Google Scholar
(15)Pomerleau, R. 1948. Dutch elm disease project. National Committee on the Dutch Elm Disease, Minutes of Meeting, March.Google Scholar
(16)Hord, H. H. V. and Quirke, D. A.. 1955. Province of Ontario forest disease survey. In Annual Report of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey. Can. Dept. Agr.Google Scholar
(17)Reed, L. L. 1950. Status of the Dutch elm disease in Canada—1950. For. Ins. Invest., Bi-Monthly Prog. Rept., Can. Dept. Agr. 6(6): 1.Google Scholar
(18)Robert, A. 1952. Les insectes de l'orme aux niveaux de l'écorce et de bois et leur role avec la maladie Hollandaise. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Montreal.Google Scholar
(19)Schwartz, M. B. 1922. Das zweisterben der Ulmen, Trauerweiden und Pfirsichbaum, eine vergleichend- pathologische Studie. Utrecht. A. Oosthoek.Google Scholar
(20)Spierenburg, D. 1921. Een onbekende ziekte in de iepen. Tijdschr. over Plantenz 27: 5360.Google Scholar
(21)Swingle, R. U.et al. 1949. The identification and control of elm phloem necrosis and Dutch elm disease. Ohio Agri. Expt. Sta. Cir. 80.Google Scholar
(22)Swingle, R. U. and Whitten, R. R.. Dutch elm disease. U.S. Dept. Agr., Tree Pest Leaflet 23, Revised 1950.Google Scholar
(23)Wallace, P. 1940. Notes on the smaller European elm bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus Marsham. Conn. Agri. Expt. Sta., Bull. 434: 293311.Google Scholar
(24)Watson, E. B. 1948. The European elm bark beetle. For. Ins. Invest. Bi-Monthly Prog. Rept., Can. Dept. Agr., 4(5): 2.Google Scholar
(25)Whitten, R. R. Elm bark beetles. U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaflet 185, Revised 1953.Google Scholar
(26)Welch, D. S. and Collins, D. L.. 1940. Dutch elm disease and its control. Cornell Extension Bull. 437.Google Scholar
(27)Welch, D. S.et al. 1945. Dutch elm disease control. Cornell Extension Bull. 687.Google Scholar