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Effects of diapause duration on postdiapause performance of spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) during mass rearing on artificial diet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Kees van Frankenhuyzen*
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Peter Ebling
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
John Dedes
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Doug Pitt
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

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The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), has an obligatory winter dormancy period that lasts up to 10 months in the field. In the Great Lakes Forestry Centre rearing facility, neonate larvae spin hibernacula in cheesecloth, which is then stored at 2 °C for between 20 and 30 weeks. Although dormancy survival and synchrony of postemergence development are highest when larvae are stored in the cold for 16–35 weeks, it is not known how cold-storage duration affects spruce budworm performance once diapause has been completed. We exposed approximately 9250 second-instar larvae (belonging to three rearing cohorts) to 2 °C for 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, or 37 weeks and monitored various postdiapause performance variables. Increasing cold storage from 16 to 25 weeks or more resulted in small (approximately 10%) increases in dormancy survival and larval development rates (from second instar to pupation), a larger (up to 23%) increase in pupal mass and realized fecundity (number of eggs laid per female), and an increase of at least 25% in late-instar survival (from fifth instar to pupation). The only variable that was negatively affected was the pupal survival, but the decrease was relatively small. Therefore, storing diapausing larvae for at least 25 weeks optimizes postdiapause performance variables that are important for mass-rearing efficiency.

Résumé

La tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) traverse durant l’hiver une période de diapause obligatoire qui peut durer jusqu’à 10 mois sur le terrain. Dans les installations d’élevage du Centre de foresterie des Grands Lacs, les chenilles néonates se tissent des hibernaculums dans la gaze, puis sont entreposées à 2 °C pendant 20–30 semaines. Même si le taux de survie à la diapause et le synchronisme du développement postémergence sont meilleurs chez les chenilles entreposées au froid pendant 16–35 semaines, nous ne connaissons pas les effets de la durée d’entreposage en chambre froide sur la performance de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette, une fois la diapause levée. Nous avons exposé environ 9250 chenilles du deuxième stade (issues de trois cohortes d’élevage différentes) à une température de 2 °C pendant 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 ou 37 semaines, puis avons surveillé diverses variables de la performance postdiapause. Nous avons fait passer la durée de conservation en chambre froide de 16–25 semaines ou plus, ce qui a entraîné de faibles (à peu près 10 %) augmentations des taux de survie à la diapause et de développement larvaire (depuis le deuxième stade jusqu’à la chrysalidation) ainsi qu’une augmentation plus importante (à peu près 23 %) de la masse des chrysalides et de la fécondité réalisée. Le dernier stade (du cinquième stade à la chrysalidation) présentait la plus forte augmentation (à peu près 25 % – 30 %). L’émergence des chrysalides est la seule variable qui ait subi des effets négatifs, mais la diminution était relativement faible. Par conséquent, la conservation en chambre froide de chenilles en diapause pendant au moins 25 semaines optimize les variables de la performance postdiapause qui contribuent de façon importante à l’efficacité de l’élevage de masse.

[Traduit par la Réduction]

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2007

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