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EFFECTS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER VAR. KURSTAKI AND DEFOLIATION BY THE GYPSY MOTH [LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)] ON NATIVE ARTHROPODS IN WEST VIRGINIA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Bradley E. Sample ,
Linda Butler ,
Cathy Zivkovich ,
Robert C. Whitmore  and
Richard Reardon
Bradley E. Sample
Affiliation:
Division of Forestry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA 26506
Linda Butler
Affiliation:
Division of Plant and Soil Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA 26506
Cathy Zivkovich
Affiliation:
Division of Plant and Soil Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA 26506
Robert C. Whitmore
Affiliation:
Division of Forestry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA 26506
Richard Reardon
Affiliation:
U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA 26506
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Abstract

Impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) and defoliation by gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.)] on native, non-target arthropods were evaluated in eastern West Virginia from 1990 to 1992. Adult and larval arthropods were collected by foliage sampling and light-trapping at 24 20-ha (50-acre) plots, representing six replicates of four treatments: unsprayed, gypsy moth absent (control); unsprayed, gypsy moth present (defoliation); sprayed, gypsy moth absent; and sprayed, gypsy moth present. Pre-treatment data were collected in 1990. In May 1991, one application of Btk was made to 12 plots at a dosage of 14.4 BIU/ha (36 BIU/acre). Post-treatment data were collected in 1991 and 1992. With few exceptions, detectable effects from Btk application were restricted to Lepidoptera. Although abundance and species richness of larval and adult non-target Lepidoptera decreased at all plots between 1990 and 1992, abundance and species richness were reduced at Btk-treated plots relative to untreated plots. Richness and abundance of some larval and adult Lepidoptera declined at defoliation plots. Although the short-term (< 1 year) impacts of Btk application on non-target Lepidoptera are negative, the long-term effects (> 1 year) of reduced abundance of gypsy moth larvae may be beneficial for some native species. Although Btk application and defoliation reduce abundance of native Lepidoptera, environmental conditions such as weather may have a greater influence on population fluctuations.

Résumé

Les effets de Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) et de la défoliation par la Spongieuse [Lymantria dispar (L.)] sur les arthropodes indigènes non cibles ont été évalués dans l’est de la Virginie occidentale, de 1990 à 1992. Des adultes et des larves d’arthropodes ont été récoltés par échantillonnage du feuillage et par capture au piège lumineux sur 24 grilles échantillons de 20 ha (50 acres), donc six réplications de quatre traitements : sans arrosage, en l’absence de spongieuses (témoin), sans arrosage, en présence de spongieuses (défoliation), avec arrosage, en l’absence de spongieuses et avec arrosage, en présence de spongieuses. Des données ont été recueillies en 1990, avant les traitements. En mai 1991,12 grilles-échantillons ont reçu une application de Btk à raison de 14,4 BIU/ha (36 BIU/acre). Des données ont été recueillies après les traitements en 1991 et 1992. À quelques exceptions près, les effets décelables de l’application de Btk étaient restreints aux lépidoptères. L’abondance et la richesse en espèces des larves et des adultes des lépidoptères non cibles ont diminué dans toutes les grilles échantillons entre 1990 et 1992, mais ces variables étaient encore plus réduites dans les grilles traitées au Btk que dans les grilles non traitées. La richesse et l’abondance des larves et des adultes de certains lépidoptères ont diminué dans les grilles où il y a eu défoliation. Bien que les effets à court terme (< 1 an) d’une application de Btk sur les lépidoptères non cibles soient négatifs, les effets à long terme (> 1 an), soit la diminution de l’abondance des larves de la Spongieuse, peuvent être avantageux pour certaines espèces indigènes. L’application de Btk et la défoliation réduisent l’abondance des lépidoptères indigènes, mais les conditions du milieu, comme le climat, peuvent avoir un impact encore plus important sur les fluctuations de la population.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 128 , Issue 4 , August 1996 , pp. 573 - 592
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

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