Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T22:00:16.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

EFFECTS OF A SPLIT APPLICATION OF SEVIN-4-OIL® ON POLLINATORS AND FRUIT SET IN A SPRUCE–FIR FOREST

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Richard W. Hansen  and
Eben A. Osgood
Richard W. Hansen
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469USA
Eben A. Osgood
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Counts of four pollinating insect groups were taken in unsprayed forest localities and in areas sprayed with a split application of Sevin-4-oil® (carbaryl) for spruce budworm control. Results indicate a reduction of pollinator populations due to spraying.

Fruit set, measured by fecundity ratios (fruits/flower), was determined for Cornus canadensis L., Maianthemum canadense Desf., Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf., and Viburnum cassinoides L. in sprayed and unsprayed areas. Fecundity values for C. canadensis and M. canadense were significantly lower in sprayed than in unsprayed areas. Fruit set of C. borealis was apparently unaffected by carbaryl spraying, but the seed/flower ratio was significantly reduced in the sprayed area. V. cassinoides fecundity values were unaffected by carbaryl application. Reductions in native bee populations probably had the greatest impact on fruit set.

Résumé

Des comptages portant sur quatre groupes de pollinisateurs ont été faits à des sites forestiers non-traités de même qu'à des sites traités par application de Sevin-4-oil® contre la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette. Les résultats indiquent une réduction des populations de pollinisateurs due au traitement.

La mise à fruit mesurée par le taux de fécondité (fruits/fleurs) a été déterminée pour Cornus canadensis L., Maianthemum canadense Desf., Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf., et Viburnum cassinoides L. aux sites traités et non-traités. Les taux de fécondité pour C. canadensis, M. canadense et V. cassinoides étaient significativement plus bas dans les endroits traités que dans les endroits non-traités. La mise-à fruit de C. borealis n'a apparamment pas été affectée par le traitement au carbaryl, mais le rapport fruits/fleurs était significativement réduit aux sites traités. Les taux de fécondité pour V. cassinoides n'ont pas été affectés par le traitement au carbaryl. Une baisse des populations d'abeilles indigènes a probablement été la cause majeure de la mise-à-fruit réduite.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 3 , March 1984 , pp. 457 - 464
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, L. D. and Atkins, E. L. Jr., 1968. Pesticide usage in relation to beekeeping. A. Rev. Ent. 13: 213–238.Google Scholar
Batjer, L. P. and Westwood, M. N.. 1960. 1-napthyl N-methylcarbamate, a new chemical for thinning apples. Proc. Am. Soc. hort. Sci. 75: 1–4.Google Scholar
Boulanger, L. W., Wood, G. W., Osgood, E. A., and Dirks, C. O.. 1967. Native bees associated with low-bush blueberry in Maine and eastern Canada. Univ. Maine Life Sci. and agric. Exp. Stn Tech. Bull. 22. 26 pp.Google Scholar
Gill, J. D. and Healy, W. M.. 1974. Shrubs and vines for northeastern wildlife. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-9. 180 pp.Google Scholar
Gleason, H. A. and Cronquist, A.. 1963. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. D. Van Norstrand, New York. 810 pp.Google Scholar
Hall, I. V. and Sibley, J. D.. 1976. The biology of Canadian weeds. 20. Cornus canadensis L. Can. J. Pl. Sci. 56: 885–892.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. W. and Osgood, E. A.. 1983. Differential effects of temperature, when spraying with Sevin-4-oil®, on pollinators and fruit-set in a spruce-fir forest. In Environmental monitoring report from the 1982 Maine cooperative spruce budworm suppression projects, pp. 19–58.Google Scholar
Heinrich, B. 1976 a. Resource partitioning among some eusocial insects: bumblebees. Ecology 57: 874–889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrich, B. 1976 b. Flowering phenologies: bog, woodland, and disturbed habitats. Ecology 57: 890–899.Google Scholar
Holmes, S. B., Millikin, R. L., and Kingsbury, P. D.. 1981. Environmental effects of a split application of Sevin-2-oil®. Can. For. Serv. For. Pest. Manage. Inst. Rep. FPM-X-46. 58 pp.Google Scholar
Johansen, C. A. 1977. Pesticides and pollinators. A. Rev. Ent. 22: 177–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kevan, P. G. 1975. Forest application of the insecticides fenitrothion and its effect on wild bee pollinators (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) in southern New Brunswick, Canada. Biol. Conserv. 7: 301–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kevan, P. G. and LaBerge, W. E., 1979. Demise and recovery of native pollinator populations through pesticide use and some economic implications. Proc. IVth Int. Symp. on Pollination. Md. Agric. Exp. Stn Spec. Misc. Publ. 1: 489–508.Google Scholar
Martin, A. C., Zim, H. S., and Nelson, A. L.. 1951. American Wildlife and Plants. Dover Publications, New York. 500 pp.Google Scholar
Miliczky, E. R. and Osgood, E. A.. 1979 a. The effects of spraying with Sevin-4-oil® on insect pollinators and pollination in a spruce-fir forest. Univ. Maine Life Sci. and agric. Exp. Stn Tech. Bull. 90. 21 pp.Google Scholar
Miliczky, E. R. and Osgood, E. A.. 1979 b. Insects visiting bloom of withe-rod Viburnum cassinoides L. in the Orono, Maine area. Ent. News 90: 131–134.Google Scholar
National Research Council of Canada, Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality. 1981. Pesticide-pollinator interactions. Natn. Res. Council Can. Publ. 8471. 110 pp.Google Scholar
Plowright, R. C. 1977. The effect of fenitrothion on forest pollinators in New Brunswick. pp.335–341in Proceedings of the symposium on fenitrothion, the long-term effects of its use on forest ecosystems. Natn. Res. Council Can. Publ. 16073.Google Scholar
Plowright, R. C., Pendrel, B. A., and McLaren, I. A.. 1978. The impact of aerial fenitrothion spraying upon the population biology of bumble bees (Bombus Latr.: Hym.) in southwestern New Brunswick. Can. Ent. 110: 1145–1156.Google Scholar
Plowright, R. C., and Rodd, F. H.. 1980. The effect of aerial insecticide spraying on hymenopterous pollinators in New Brunswick. Can. Ent. 112: 259–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, W. S. and Johansen, C. A.. 1978. Effects of control chemicals for Douglas-fir tussock moth Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDonnough) on forest pollination (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Melanderia 30: 9–56.Google Scholar
Sakagami, S. F. and Matsumura, T.. 1967. Relative abundance, phenology, and flower preference of andrenid bees in Sapporo, North Japan (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Jap. J. Ecol. 17: 237–250.Google Scholar
Silva, J. F. 1978. Studies on the population biology of Maianthemum canadense Desf. Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard Univ., Cambridge. 165 pp.Google Scholar
Southwick, F. W., Weeks, W. D., and Olanyk, G. W.. 1964. The effect of naphthaleneacetic acid materials and 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (Sevin) on the fruiting, flowering and keeping quality of apples. Proc. Am. Soc. hort. Sci. 84: 14–24.Google Scholar
Stephenson, A. G. 1981. Flower and fruit abortion; proximate causes and ultimate functions. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12: 253–279.Google Scholar
Thaler, G. R. and Plowright, R. C.. 1980. The effect of aerial insecticide spraying for spruce budworm control on the fecundity of entomophilous plants. Can. J. Bot. 58: 2022–2027.Google Scholar
Waller, G. D. 1969. Susceptibility of an alfalfa leafcutting bee to residues of insecticides on foliage. J. econ. Ent. 62: 189–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, G. W. 1979. Recuperation of native bee populations in blueberry fields exposed to drift of fenitrothion from forest spray operations in New Brunswick. J. econ. Ent. 72: 36–39.Google Scholar
Zar, J. H. 1974. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.620 pp.Google Scholar