Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T19:32:45.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae) on Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae and adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2020

Justin M. Renkema Open the ORCID record for Justin M. Renkema [Opens in a new window] ,
G. Christopher Cutler ,
Jason M. Sproule  and
Dan L. Johnson
Justin M. Renkema*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
G. Christopher Cutler
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
Jason M. Sproule
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
Dan L. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae)) is a pest of blueberries (Vaccinium Linnaeus (Ericaceae)). Tephritid flies, including Rhagoletis Loew species, are susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi, but mortality levels depend on life stage targeted. We tested Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) (Clavicipitaceae) strain S54 by application to pupae in the laboratory and using soil drenches in the laboratory and field. We hypothesised that younger (pre-diapause) pupae would be more susceptible to infection than older (post-diapause) pupae. In the laboratory, R. mendax emergence was reduced from 80% in the control to 57–60% with M. anisopliae. Rhagoletis mendax longevity was reduced by two days for both application timings, and mycosed cadavers increased by 9% and 27% with applications to younger and older pupae, respectively, compared to controls. In the field, R. mendax emergence was reduced by 50% with application to younger pupae compared to controls and applications to older pupae. The surfactant Silwet L77 caused reduced R. mendax emergence when pupae were dipped in suspensions. Even though M. anisopliae S54 did not greatly reduce emergence or longevity, infection was successful and younger pupae may be more susceptible than older pupae. Research with other M. anisopliae isolates against multiple life stages should be conducted and effects of soil variables on pathogenicity determined.

Type
Research Papers
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 152 , Issue 2 , April 2020 , pp. 237 - 248
Copyright
© 2020 Entomological Society of Canada

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Present address: London Research and Development Centre – Vineland Campus, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4902 Victoria Avenue N, Vineland Station, Ontario, L0R 2E0, Canada.

Subject editor: Suzanne Blatt

References

Barry, J.D., Polavarapu, S., and Teixeira, L.A.F. 2004. Evaluation of traps and toxicants in an attract-and-kill system for Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 2006–2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castillo, M.-A., Moya, P., Hernández, E., and Primo-Yúfera, E. 2000. Susceptibility of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) to entomopathogenic fungi and their extracts. Biological Control, 19: 274–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chase, A.R., Osborne, L.S., and Ferguson, V.M. 1986. Selective isolation of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae from an artificial potting medium. Florida Entomologist, 69: 285–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, J.A. and Drummond, F.A. 2004. Field-edge based management tactics for blueberry maggot in lowbush blueberry. Small Fruits Review, 3: 285–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, J.A. and Drummond, F.A. 2010. Soil drench of Mycotrol O for control of blueberry maggot fly. Arthropod Management Tests C7, 35: 1.Google Scholar
Cossentine, J., Thistlewood, H., Goettel, M., and Jaronski, S. 2010. Susceptibility of preimaginal western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104: 105–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, C. and Wyss, E. 2009. Susceptibility of different life stages of the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, to entomopathogenic fungi. Journal of Applied Entomology, 133: 473–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubovskiy, I.M., Whitten, M.M.A., Yaroslavtseva, O.N., Greig, C., Kryukov, V.Y., Grizanova, E.V., et al. 2013. Can insects develop resistance to insect pathogenic fungi? Public Library of Science One, 8: e60248.Google ScholarPubMed
Ekesi, S., Maniania, N.K., and Lux, S.A. 2002. Mortality in three African tephritid fruit fly puparia and adults caused by the entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 12: 7–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekesi, S., Maniania, N.K., Mohamed, S.A., and Lux, S.A. 2005. Effect of soil application on different formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae on African tephritid fruit flies and their associated endoparastioids. Biological Control, 35: 83–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Entz, S.C., Johnson, D.L., and Kawchuk, L.M. 2005. Development of a PCR-based diagnostic assay for the specific detection of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum in grasshoppers. Mycological Research, 109: 1302–1312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Entz, S.C., Kawchuk, L.M., and Johnson, D.L. 2008. Discovery of a North American genetic variant of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae pathogenic to grasshoppers. BioControl, 53: 327–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaul, S.O., McRae, K.B., and Estabrooks, E.N. 2002. Integrated pest management of Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) in lowbush blueberry using vegetative field management. Journal of Economic Entomology, 95: 958–965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaul, S.O., Neilsen, W.T.A., Estabrooks, E.N., Crozier, L.M., and Fuller, M. 1995. Deployment and utility of traps for management of Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 88: 134–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geddes, P.S., LeBlanc, J.-P.R., Flanders, K.L., and Forsythe, H.Y. 1989. Installation of baited Pherocon AM traps for monitoring adult populations of Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) in lowbush blueberry fields. Environmental Entomology, 18: 510–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imai, T., Tsuchiya, S., and Fujimori, T. 1995. Aphicidal effects of Silwet L-77, organosilicone nonionic surfactant. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 30: 380–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D., Duke, G., Irvine, P., Kaminski, D., Boldt, J., Wismath, S., et al. 2010. A multi-level system for delivering biodiversity knowledge, data analysis and pest management recommendations to growers, for environmentally sustainable crop protection. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2: 1163–1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lathrop, F.H. and Nickels, C.B. 1932. The biology and control of the blueberry maggot in Washington County, Maine. Technical Bulletin 275. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America. Pp. 1–76.Google Scholar
Lezama-Gutiérrez, R., Trujillo-de la Luz, A., Molina-Ochoa, J., Rebolledo-Dominquez, O., Pescador, A.R., López-Edwards, M., and Aluja, M. 2000. Virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) on Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae): laboratory and field trials. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 1080–1084.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liburd, O.E., Alm, S.R., and Casagrande, R.A. 1998. Susceptibility of highbush blueberry cultivars to maggot infestation by Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae). Environmental Entomology, 27: 817–821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liburd, O.E., Gut, L.J., Stelinski, L.L., Whalon, M.E., McGuire, M.R., Wise, J.C., et al. 1999. Mortality of Rhagoletis species encountering pesticide-treated spheres (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 92: 1151–1156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, C.W., Storey, G.K., and Tigano-Milano, M.S. 1992. Environmental factors affecting entomopathogenic fungi in soil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 27: 107–111.Google Scholar
Muñiz-Reyes, E., Guzmán-Franco, A.W., Sánchez-Ecudero, J., and Nieto-Angel, R. 2014. Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote (Crataegus mexicana) orchard soils and their pathogenicity against Rhagoletis pomonella. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 117: 1450–1462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, W.T.A. 1965. Culturing of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella. Journal of Economic Entomology, 58: 1056–1057.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs. 2014. Guide to fruit production, 2014–2015. Publication 360. Queen’s Printer of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Pearson, G.A. and Meyer, J.R. 1990. Discriminant models for predicting risk of blueberry maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation in southeastern North Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 526–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purcell, M.F. and Schroeder, W.J. 1996. Effect of Silwet L-77 and diazinon on three tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and associated endoparasitoids. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89: 1566–1570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quesada-Moraga, E., Ruiz-García, A., and Santiago-Álvarez, C. 2006. Laboratory evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against puparia and adults of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 1955–1966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renkema, J.M. 2011. The effects of ground-floor management on blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis mendax Curran) and predatory beetles in highbush blueberries. Ph.D. Dissertation. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Available from https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/handle/10222/14145 [accessed 16 October 2019].Google Scholar
Renkema, J.M., Cutler, G.C., and Gaul, S.O. 2014. Field type, trap type and field-edge characteristics affect Rhagoletis mendax captures in lowbush blueberries. Pest Management Science, 70: 1720–1727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renkema, J.M., Cutler, G.C., Lynch, D.H., MacKenzie, K., and Walde, S.J. 2011. Mulch type and moisture level affect pupation depth of Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Pest Science, 84: 281–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renkema, J.M., Lynch, D.H., Cutler, G.C., MacKenzie, K., and Walde, S.J. 2012a. Emergence of blueberry maggot flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from mulches and soil at various depths. Environmental Entomology, 41: 370–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renkema, J.M., Lynch, D.H., Cutler, G.C., MacKenzie, K., and Walde, S.J. 2012b. Predation by Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on immature Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) in semi-field and field conditions. Biological Control, 60: 46–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renkema, J.M., Manning, P., and Cutler, G.C. 2013. Predation of lowbush blueberry insect pests by ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Pest Science, 86: 525–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez-Saona, C., Vincent, C., Polk, D., and Drummond, F.A. 2015. A review of the blueberry maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 6: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmv010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute. 2012. JMP software version 10. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, United States of America.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, R., Hoy, M., Singh, R., and Rogers, M.E. 2008. Laboratory and field evaluations of Silwet L-77 and Kinetic alone and in combination with imidacloprid and abamectin for the management of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Florida Entomologist, 91: 87–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stelinski, L.L. and Liburd, O.E. 2001. Evaluation of various deployment strategies for imidacloprid-treated spheres in highbush blueberries for control of Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 905–910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stelinski, L.L., Liburd, O.E., Wright, S., Prokopy, R.J., Behle, R., and McGuire, M.R. 2001. Comparison of neonicotinoid insecticides for use with biodegradable and wooden spheres for control of Rhagoletis species (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 1142–1150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stelinski, L.L., Pelz, K.S., and Liburd, O.E. 2004. Field observations quantifying attraction of the parasitic wasp, Diachasma alloeum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to blueberry fruit infested by the blueberry maggot fly, Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist, 87: 124–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stelinski, L.L., Pelz-Stelinski, K.S., Liburd, O.E., and Gut, L.J. 2006. Control strategies for Rhagoletis mendax disrupt host-finding and ovipositional capability of its parasitic wasp, Diachasma alloeum. Biological Control, 36: 91–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St Leger, R.J. 1993. Biology and mechanism of insect-cuticle invasion by deuteromycete fungal pathogens. In Parasites and pathogens of insects, volume 2: pathogens. Edited by Beckage, N.E., Thompson, S.N., and Federici, B.A.. Academic Press, San Diego, California, United States of America. Pp. 211–229.Google Scholar
Teixeira, L.A.F. and Polavarapu, S. 2001. Effect of sex, reproductive maturity stage and trap placement, on attraction of the blueberry maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to sphere and Pherocon AM traps. Florida Entomologist, 84: 363–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teixeira, L.A.F. and Polavarapu, S. 2005. Diapause development in the blueberry maggot Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae). Environmental Entomology, 34: 47–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tipping, C., Bikoba, V., Chander, G.J., and Mitcham, E.J. 2003. Efficacy of Silwet L-77 against several arthropod pests of table grape. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96: 246–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yee, W.L. and Lacey, L.A. 2005. Mortality of different life stages of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Entomological Science, 40: 167–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar