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DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN SPRING WHEAT1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.J. Lamb ,
I.L. Wise ,
O.O. Olfert ,
J. Gavloski  and
P.S. Barker
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
I.L. Wise
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
O.O. Olfert
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Crescent, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OX2
J. Gavloski
Affiliation:
Soils and Crops Branch, Manitoba Agriculture, P.O. Box 1149, Carman, Manitoba, Canada ROG OJO
P.S. Barker
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
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Abstract

The wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) occurred in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba during 1993–1997, with 95% of spring wheat fields having some seeds infested by larvae. The level of infestation varied, but each year in excess of 20% of seeds were infested in some fields. Infestation levels in adjacent fields were more similar than in fields separated by a few kilometres. Within fields, the infestation was similar at the edge and near the centre. Wheat midge larvae also overwintered in, and adults emerged from, fields in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba. Adults emerged from the end of June to the end of July most years, and the peak period for adult flight was mid-July, about 1 month later than in parts of Europe where winter wheat predominates. The timing of the emergence was similar from place to place and year to year. Females constituted 95% of insects caught in a flight trap. The first 10% and 50% of the flight occurred on 9 and 16 July, respectively, and the timing of the flight was not related to growing degree-days. In early August, mature larvae began dropping from wheat heads. The timing of infestation of spring wheat was variable among years because of differences in timing between midge flights and the susceptible heading stage of the crop. Nevertheless, the wheat midge flight usually coincided with the susceptible stage of the spring wheat crop.

Résumé

La Cécidomyie du blé, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), a été repérée dans toutes les régions productrices de blé au Manitoba de 1993 à 1997 et 95% des champs de blé de printemps comptaient des graines infestées par des larves de l’insecte. Le degré d’infestation était variable, mais chaque année plus de 20% des graines étaient infestées dans certains champs. Les degrés d’infestation dans les champs adjacents étaient plus semblables que ceux enregistrés dans les champs distants de quelques kilomètres. À l’intérieur d’un champ, le degré d’infestation était du même ordrer au centre et en bordure. Les larves du parasite ont passé l’hiver dans toutes les régions productrices de blé du Manitoba et ont donné lieu à l’émergence d’adultes de la fin de juin à la fin de juillet; la période la plus intense de vol des adultes avait lieu à la mi-juillet, environ 1 mois plus tard que dans les régions européennes où prédomine la production de blé d’hiver. L’émergence s’est produite au même moment partout et ne variait pas d’année en année. Quatre-vingt-quinze pour-cent des insectes capturés dans un piège d’insectes au vol étaient des femelles. Le 9 juillet, 10% des insectes et le 16 juillet, 50% des insectes étaient en vol et ces dates n’étaient pas reliées au nombre de degrés-jours de croissance. Au début du mois d’août, les larves à maturité ont commencé à se détacher des épis. L’époque des infestations du blé de printemps variait d’une année à l’autre à cause de l’asynchronisme du vol des insectes et du stade de sensibilité des épis dans les cultures. Néanmoins, la période de vol de la Cécidomyie du blé correspondait généralement à la période de sensibilité du blé de printemps aux infestations.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 3 , June 1999 , pp. 387 - 397
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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