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DEVELOPMENT OF TIPHODYTES GERRIPHAGUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) IN LIMNOPORUS DISSORTIS EGGS (HEMIPTERA: GERRIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

João M. Sousa
João M. Sousa
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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Abstract

Investigations of preimaginal development in Tiphodytes gerriphagus Marchal reveal two larval instars, based on counting exuviae and comparing mandible length during development within Limnoporus dissortis Drake & Harris eggs. Tiphodytes gerriphagus eggs are stalked, as is typical of scelionids, and are 282.6 ± 3.48 μm (mean ± SE) long. The chorion ruptures at 8–9 h postoviposition and releases a nonfeeding embryo into the host. Feeding begins at 18–20 h postoviposition, after the embryonic cuticle is shed and a fully differentiated and active larva is released. The first larval stage is teleaform and lasted up to 5 days postoviposition, and its total length increased from 183.6 ± 3.35 to 517.0 ± 14.67 μm. The second larval stage is hymenopteriform and lasted from 5 to 13 days postoviposition, and grew from 920.2 ± 24.65 to 1352.4 ± 11.89 μm total length before pupating. The pupal period lasted about 11 days, with male pupae being shorter and thinner than female pupae. These findings differ from previous descriptions of T. gerriphagus, and it is suspected that the first instar was mistakenly divided into two stadia. The sex ratio under laboratory conditions was female biased (22% males), and males were smaller but did not emerge significantly earlier than females.

Résumé

L’étude du développement préimaginai de Tiphodytes gerriphagus Marchal a révélé l’existence de deux stades larvaires, d’après le nombre d’exuvies et l’évolution de la longueur de la mandibule, dans les oeufs de Limnoporus dissortis Drake et Harris. Les oeufs de T. gerriphagus sont pédonculés, comme ils le sont généralement chez les Scelionidae, et mesurent 282,6 ± 3,48 μm (moyenne ± écart type) de longueur. Le chorion se fend 8–9 h après la ponte et libère à l’intérieur de l’hôte un embryon qui ne s’alimente pas. L’alimentation commence 18–20 h après la ponte, après le rejet de la cuticule embryonnaire et la libération d’une larve active, complètement différenciée. La premier stade peut durer jusqu’à 5 jours après la ponte et la larve est téléaforme et croît de 183,6 ± 3,35 μm de longueur totale à 517,0 ± 14,67 μm. La larve de deuxième stade est hyménoptériforme, vit de 5–13 jours après la ponte et passe de 920,2 ± 24,65 μm de longueur à 1352,4 ± 11,89 μm. La période nymphale dure environ 11 jours et les nymphes mâles sont plus courtes et plus minces que les nymphes femelles. Ces données diffèrent des descriptions antérieures de T. gerriphagus et il est possible que le premier stade ait été considéré à tort comme la succession de deux stades distincts. Le rapport mâles : femelles en laboratoire était fortement inférieur à 1 (22% de mâles) et les mâles étaient plus petits, mais leur émergence ne s’est pas produite significativement plus tôt que celle des femelles.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 2 , April 1999 , pp. 219 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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