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DENSITY AND PUPATION SITE OF APTEROUS FEMALE BAGWORMS, METISA PLANA (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE), INFLUENCE THE DISTRIBUTION OF EMERGENT LARVAE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Marc Rhainds ,
Gerhard Gries  and
Ahmad Saleh
Marc Rhainds
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Gerhard Gries*
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Ahmad Saleh
Affiliation:
London Sumatra Indonesia, Bah Lias Research Station, Medan, Sumatra Utara, Indonesia
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

In an oil palm plantation in northeast Sumatra, Indonesia, we tested the hypotheses that selection of pupation site by female bagworms, Metisa plana (Walker), influences the distribution of emergent larvae, and that intertree dispersal by larvae is density dependant. Similar intratree distributions of empty female pupal cases and early instars and significant regressions between numbers of female pupal cases and larvae per leaf for 36 out of 39 palms indicated that larvae generally remain on the same leaf where they emerged. Proportions of early instars per female pupal case decreased with increasing densities of female pupal cases per tree and were greater on trees surrounding most heavily infested palms, suggesting that intertree dispersal of early instars is density dependent. Interspecific comparisons of life history constraints between M. plana and the allopatric bagworm Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding) reveal different selective pressures that may have converged and favoured the development of an identical life history trait.

Résumé

Dans une plantation de palmiers à huile localisée au nord-est de Sumatra en Indonésie, nous avons testé l’hypothèse que le site de pupaison des femelles psychides, Metisa plana (Walker), influence la distribution de leur progénie, et que la dispersion des larves entre différents palmiers est fonction de la densité de population. Les larves et les enveloppes pupales females étaient réparties de manière similaire entre les cîmes supérieure, moyenne et inférieure des palmiers. De plus, nous avons trouvé des corrélations positives entre le nombre de larves et le nombre d’enveloppes pupales femelles par feuille pour 36 des 39 palmiers examinés. Ces résultats démontrent que les larves débutent généralement leur développement sur la feuille-même où elles ont écloses. Nos données soutiennent l’hypothèse que la dispersion des larves entre les palmiers est plus fréquente quand la densité de population augmente : les proportion de larves par enveloppe pupale femelle décroissent avec des densités accrues d’enveloppes pupales femelles par palmier, et sont plus élevées pour les palmiers situés à proximité des palmiers densément peuplés. Une comparaison entre différentes contraintes évolutives pour deux psychides allopatriques, M. plana et Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding), révèlent différentes pressions sélectives qui semblent avoir con vergées pour favoriser le développement d’un trait de vie identique.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 130 , Issue 5 , October 1998 , pp. 603 - 613
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1998

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