Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T18:38:36.466Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

DEGREE-DAY RELATIONSHIPS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITHOCOLLETIS BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE APANTELES ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

E. F. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
R. Trottier
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
J. E. Laing
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1

Abstract

Degree-day relationships in the development of Lithocolletis blancardella (Fab.) and Apanteles ornigis Weed, its major parasite, were established from laboratory and field studies in Ontario apple orchards during 1973, 1974, and 1975. Under constant laboratory conditions, temperature thresholds for development of overwintering pupae were estimated by three methods, and found to be 6.3°, 6.7°, and 5.7°C for L. blancardella, and 10.4°, 10.4°, and 11.3°C for A. ornigis. Degree-day accumulations in the field were calculated by two methods using daily maximum and minimum temperatures recorded from the pupal habitat and a Stevenson screen. Degree-days in the pupal habitat accumulated from 1 January, above 5.7°C for L. blancardella and 11.3°C for A. ornigis were more accurate than Stevenson screen degree-day accumulations for predicting first emergence; however, after emergence, seasonal development was best related to Stevenson screen degree-days accumulated from 1 April, above 6.7°C for L. blancardella and 10.4°C for A. ornigis. This study shows that degree-day relationships can be used in an apple pest management programme to optimize timing of insecticide applications against L. blancardella and preserve A. ornigis, its major natural enemy.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arnold, C. Y. 1960. Maximum-minimum temperatures as a basis for computing heat units. Am. Soc. hort. Sci. 76: 682692.Google Scholar
Baskerville, G. L. and Emin, P.. 1969. Rapid estimation of heat accumulation from maximum and minimum temperatures. Ecology 50: 514517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, A., Frazer, B. D., Gilbert, N., Gutierrez, A. P., and Mackauer, M.. 1974. Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites. J. appl. Ecol. 11: 431438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, P. A. 1922. Relation of temperature to development of the codling-moth. J. econ. Ent. 15: 193199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itô, Y., Miyashita, K., and Yamada, H.. 1968. Biology of Hyphantria cunea Drury in Japan. V. Effects of temperature on development of immature stages. Appl. ent. Zool. 3: 163175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, E. F., Laing, J. E., and Trottier, R.. 1978. The seasonal occurrence of Lithocolletis blancardella (Gracillariidae), and its major natural enemies in Ontario apple orchards. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 107: 3145.Google Scholar
Lafrance, J. and Perron, J. P.. 1955. Composite emergence cage for studies on the life history of the onion maggot (Hylemya antiqua). Can. Ent. 87: 358362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, S., Hodson, A. C., and Richards, A. G.. 1954. An analysis of threshold temperatures for the development of Oncopeltus and Tribolium eggs. Physiol. Zool. 27: 287311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. F. and Fulton, W. C.. 1970. Models for the development and survival of Hyphantria cunea in relation to temperature and humidity. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 70. 60 pp.Google Scholar
Pottinger, R. P. and LeRoux, E. J.. 1971. The biology and dynamics of Lithocolletis blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on apple in Quebec. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 77. 437 pp.Google Scholar
Reid, J. A. K. and Laing, J. E.. 1978. Developmental threshold and degree-days to adult emergence for overwintering pupae of the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) collected in Ontario. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 107: 1922.Google Scholar
Roelofs, W. L., Reissig, W. H., and Weires, R. W.. 1977. Sex attractant for the spotted tentiform leaf miner moth, Lithocolletis blancardella. Environ. Ent 6: 373374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trottier, R. 1971. Effect of temperature on the life-cycle of Anax junius (Odonata: Aeshnidae) in Canada. Can. Ent. 103: 16711683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trottier, R. Early warning system for apple pest management in Canada. Bull. OEPP (in press).Google Scholar
Trottier, R. and Herne, D. H. C.. Temperature relationships to forecast hatching of overwintered eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). In preparation.Google Scholar
Winston, P. W. and Bates, D. H.. 1960. Saturated solutions for the control of humidity in biological research. Ecology 41: 232237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar