Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:39:51.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

BIOLOGY OF THE ROSE STEM GALLER DIPLOLEPIS NODULOSA (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) AND ITS ASSOCIATED COMPONENT COMMUNITY IN CENTRAL ONTARIO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Scott E. Brooks  and
Joseph D. Shorthouse
Scott E. Brooks
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
Joseph D. Shorthouse*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
*
1Author to whom all correspondence should he addressed.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Diplolepis nodulosa (Beutenmüller) induces small, monothalamous, prosoplasmic galls in stem tissues of Rosa blanda Aiton. Adults and galls are redescribed and notes on distribution, host records, morphological variation, and a comparison with related species are presented. Galls are commonly attacked by the inquiline Periclistus pirata (Osten Sacken). Data on life history and mortality of inducers and inquilines, along with seasonal variation in gall density, were obtained from a study site near Sudbury. Ontario, in 1993 and 1994. Inquilines killed 55% of the inducer population in 1993 and 65% in 1994. The abundance and density of galls fluctuated over the 2 years; however, the proportion of galls modified by inquilines remained constant. Six species of parasitoids caused an additional 17% inducer mortality. Aprostocetus sp. was the dominant parasitoid of D. nodulosa, whereas the other five species were incidental. The assemblage of parasitoids associated with galls modified by P. pirata caused 13% inquiline mortality and include seven species, of which Eurytoma spp. and Caenacis sp. were dominant. The unique aspects of the D. nodulosa gall system are discussed.

Résumé

Diplolepis nodulosa (Beutenmüller) produit de petites galles monothalames prosoplasmiques dans les tissus des tiges du rosier Rosa blanda Aiton. Les adultes et les galles sont décrits de nouveau et on trouvera ici des notes sur la répartition du cynips, sur les hôtes qu’il fréquente et sur ses variations morphologiques, ainsi qu’une comparaison avec les espèces qui lui sont apparentées. Les galles sont fréquemment envahies par l’espèce inquiline Periclistus pirata (Osten Saeken). Des données sur le cycle et sur la mortalité des galligènes et des inquilins. de même que sur la variation saisonnière de la densité des galles, ont été obtenues à un site d’étude près de Sudbury, Ontario, en 1993 et 1994. Les inquilins ont détruit 55% de la population des galligènes en 1993 et 65% en 1994. L’abondance et la densité des galles a fiuctué au cours des 2 années; cependant, la proportion de galles modifiées par les inquilins est resiée constante. Six espèces de parasitoïdes ont entraîné un 17% addilionel de mortalité des galligènes. Aprostocetus sp. s’ est avéré le parasitoïde dominant de D. nodulosa, alors que les cinq autres espèces sont des parasitoïdes occasionnels. L’association des parasitoïdes reliés aux galles déjà modifiées par P. pirata a entraîné 13% de mortalité chez les inquilins ei on y compte sept espèces, parmi lesquelles Eurytoma spp. et Caenacis sp. sont dominantes. Les aspects particuliers du système gallicole de D. nodulosa sont examinés.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 6 , December 1997 , pp. 1121 - 1140
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Askew, R.R. 1975. The organization of chalcid-dominated communities centred upon endophytic hosts. pp. 130–153 in Price, P.W. (Ed.), Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites. Plenum Press, London. 224 pp.Google Scholar
Askew, R.R., and Shaw, M.R.. 1986. Parasitoid communities: their size, structure and development. pp. 225–264 in Waage, J., and Greathead, D. (Eds.), Insect Parasitoids. Academic Press, London. 389 pp.Google Scholar
Bagatto, G., and Shorthouse, J.D.. 1994. Mineral nutrition of galls induced by Diplolepis spinosa (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on wild and domestic roses in central Canada. pp. 405–428 in Williams, M.A.J. (Ed.), Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations. Systematics Association Special Volume 49. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 484 pp.Google Scholar
Beutenmüller, W. 1909. Descriptions of new Cynipidae. Entomological News 20: 247–248.Google Scholar
Burks, B.D. 1979. Cynipoidea. pp. 1045–1107 in Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D. Jr. , Smith, D.R., and Burks, B.D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.1198 pp.Google Scholar
Cornell, H.V. 1983. The secondary chemistry and complex morphology of galls formed by the Cynipinae (Hymenoptera): Why and how? American Midland Naturalist 110: 225–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, T.P. 1994. Effects of intraspecific plant variation on parasitoid communities. pp. 205–227 in Hawkins, B.A., and Sheehan, W. (Eds.), Parasitoid Community Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 516 pp.Google Scholar
Dailey, C.D., and Campbell, L.. 1973. A new species of Diplolepis from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 49: 174–176.Google Scholar
Dawah, H.A., Hawkins, B.A., and Claridge, M.F.. 1995. Structure of the parasitoid communities of grass-feeding chalcid wasps. Journal of Animal Ecology 64: 708–720CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Force, D.C. 1974. Ecology of insect host-parasitoid communities. Science (Washington, D.C.) 184: 624–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, F., Astbury, C.Bedingfield, J.Ennis, B.Lawson, S., and Sitch, T.. 1994. The ecology of the pea galls of Cynipis divisa. pp. 331–349 in Williams, M.A.J. (Ed.), Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations. Systematics Association Special Volume 49. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 484 pp.Google Scholar
Hawkins, B.A. 1988. Do galls protect endophytic herbivores from parasitoids? A comparison of galling and non-galling Diptera. Ecological Entomology 13: 473–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, B.A. 1994. Patterns and Processes in Host–Parasitoid Interactions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 190 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, B.A., and Goeden, R.D.. 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecological Entomology 9: 271–292CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, B.A., and Sheenan, W.. 1994. Parasitoid Community Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 516 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, D. 1983. The influence of host density and gall shape on the survivorship of Diastrophus kincaidii Gill. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 2138–2142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinsey, A.C. 1920. Phylogeny of cynipid genera and biological characteristics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 42: 357–402.Google Scholar
LaSalle, J. 1994. North American genera of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Natural History 28: 109–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawton, J.H. 1986. The effects of parasitoids on phytophagous insect communities. pp. 265–287 in Waage, J., and Greathead, D. (Eds.), Insect Parasitoids. Academic Press, London. 389 pp.Google Scholar
Lawton, J.H., and MacGarvin, M.. 1986. The organization of herbivore communities. pp. 163–186 in Kikkawa, J., and Anderson, D.J. (Eds.), Community Ecology: Pattern and Process. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Melbourne. 432 pp.Google Scholar
Price, P.W. 1983. Hypotheses on organization and evolution in herbivorous communities. pp. 559–598 in Denno, R.F., and McClure, M.S. (Eds.), Variable Plants and Herbivores in Natural and Managed Systems. Academic Press, New York. 717 pp.Google Scholar
Price, P.W., Craig, T.P., and Roininen, H.. 1995. Working toward theory on galling sawfly population dynamics. pp. 321–328 in Cappuccino, N., and Price, P.W. (Eds.), Population Dynamics. Academic Press, San Diego. 429 pp.Google Scholar
Price, P.W., Fernandes, G.W., and Waring, G.L.. 1987. Adaptive nature of insect galls. Environmental Entomology 16: 15–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, P.W., Mattson, W.J., and Baranchikov, Y.N.. 1994. The Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Forming Insects. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report NC–174. 222 pp.Google Scholar
Price, P.W., and Pschorn-Walcher, H.. 1988. Are galling insects better protected against parasitoids than exposed feeders?: A test using tenthredinid sawflies. Ecological Entomology 13: 195–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritchie, A.J. 1984. A review of the higher classification of the inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and a revision of the nearctic species of Periclistus Förster. Ph.D. thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa. 368 pp.Google Scholar
Ritchie, A.J., and Peters, T.M.. 1981. The external morphology of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74: 191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schröder, D. 1967. Diplolepis (= Rhodites) rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) and a review of its parasite complex in Europe. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Technical Bulletin 9: 93–131.Google Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D. 1973. The insect community associated with rose galls of Diplolepis polita (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 9: 55–98.Google Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D. 1975. The roles of insect inhabitants in six Diplolepis (Cynipidae, Hymenoptera) rose leaf galls of western Canada. Ph.D. thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. 293 pp.Google Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D. 1980. Modification of galls of Diplolepis polita by the inquiline Periclistus pirata. Bulletin de la Sociétè Botanique de France (Actualités Botaniques) 127: 79–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D. 1988. Occurrence of two gall wasps of the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on the domestic shrub rose Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Rosaceae). The Canadian Entomologist 120: 727–737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D. 1991. An unusual population of galls of Diplolepis polita (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in the Cypress Hills of southeastern Alberta. Canadian Field Naturalist 105: 542–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D. 1993. Adaptations of gall wasps of the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and the role of gall anatomy in cynipid systematics. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 165: 139–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D. 1994. Host shift of the leaf galler Diplolepis polita (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) to the domestic shrub rose Rosa rugosa. The Canadian Entomologist 126: 1499–1503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D., MacKay, I.F., and Zmijowskyj, T.J.. 1990. Role of parasitoids associated with galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on lowbush blueberry. Environmental Entomology 19: 911–915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D., and Ritchie, A.J.. 1984. Description and biology of a new species of Diplolepis Fourcroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) inducing galls on the stems of Rosa acicularis. The Canadian Entomologist 116: 1623–1636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shorthouse, J.D., Zuchlinski, J.A., and Courtin, G.M.. 1980. Influence of snow cover on the overwintering of three species of gall-forming Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). The Canadian Entomologist 112: 225–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stille, B. 1984. The effect of host plant and parasitoids on the reproductive success of the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Oecologia 63: 364–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stille, B., and Davring, L.. 1980. Meiosis and reproductive strategy in the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Heriditas 92: 353–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strong, D.R., Lawton, J.H., and Southwood, R.. 1984. Insects on Plants: Community Patterns and Mechanisms. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. 313 pp.Google Scholar
Waring, G.L., and Price, P.W.. 1989. Parasitoid pressure and the radiation of a gallforming group (Cecidomyiidae: Asphondylia spp.) on creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Oecologia 79: 293–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Washburn, J.O., and Cornell, H.V.. 1981. Parasitoids, patches, and phenology; their possible role in the local extinction of a cynipid gall wasp population. Ecology 62: 1597–1607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weibes-Rijks, A.A., and Shorthouse, J.D.. 1992. Ecological relationships of insects inhabiting cynipid galls. pp. 238–257 in Shorthouse, J.D., and Rohfritsch, O. (Eds.), Biology of Insect-induced Galls. Oxford University Press, New York. 285 pp.Google Scholar
Weis, A.E., Abrahamson, W.G., and McCrea, K.D.. 1985. Host gall size and oviposition success by the parasitoid Eurytoma gigantea. Ecological Entomology 10: 341–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weld, L.H. 1926. Field notes on gall-inhabiting Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 68: 1–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. 1995. Fungal endophytes which invade insect galls: insect pathogens, benign saprovores, or fungal inquilines? Oecologia 103: 255–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zwölfer, H., and Arnold-Rinehart, J.. 1994. Parasitoids as a driving force in the evolution of the gall size of Urophora on Cardueae hosts. pp. 245–257 in Williams, M.A.J. (Ed.), Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations. Systematics Association Special Volume 49. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 484 pp.Google Scholar