Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:48:29.964Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

BIOLOGY OF TACHINAEPHAGUS ZEALANDICUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), PARASITOID OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

G. S. Olton  and
E. F. Legner
G. S. Olton
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson
E. F. Legner
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The synonymy, distribution, host range, and life history of the gregarious larval–pupal parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, is discussed. Laboratory studies of its biology were conducted at 25° ± 2 °C using Musca domestica L. as host. Its developmental stages are described. Under laboratory conditions its life cycle lasted 23–27 days. Parasitoid development accelerated with higher average densities per host. Single standardized hosts produced 3–18 adult parasitoids. Mated females provided with hosts lived 50.4–67.2 h. The average length of the reproductive period and number of hosts parasitized were independent of host density; however, the average number of eggs deposited per host increased at lower host densities. Adult emergence displayed circadian rhythmicity independent of photoperiod over 3+ days.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 106 , Issue 8 , August 1974 , pp. 785 - 800
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, C. and Paschke, J. D.. 1968. The biology and ecology of Anaphes flavipes (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), an exotic egg parasite of the cereal leaf beetle. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashmead, W. H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum. Mem. Carn. Mus. 61: 225–551.Google Scholar
Beck, S. D. 1968. Insect photoperiodism. Academic Press, New York. 288 pp.Google Scholar
Corbett, G. H. 1937. Division of Entomology. Annual report for year 1936. Gen. Ser. Dep. Agric. S.S. F.M.S. 61: 29–48.Google Scholar
DeBach, P. 1939. A hormone which induces pupation in the common house fly, Musca domestica Linn. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 743–745.Google Scholar
Faure, J. C. 1926. Contribution a l'étude d'un complex e biologique: La pieride du choce (Pieris brassicae) et ses parasite Hyménoptères. Faculté Sci. Univ. Lyon. 222 pp.Google Scholar
Ferrière, C. H. 1933. Note sur les parasites de Lyperosia exigua de Meij. Rev. suisse Zool. 61: 637–644.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. C. 1961. A study in insect multiparasitism. I. Host selection and oviposition. J. exp. Biol. 61: 267–275.Google Scholar
Flanders, S. E. 1950. Regulation of ovulation and egg disposal in the parasitic Hymenoptera. Can. Ent. 61: 134–140.Google Scholar
Froggatt, W. W. 1921. Sheep-maggot flies and their parasites. Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 61: 725–731.Google Scholar
Gahan, A. B. 1938. Notes on some genera and species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Ent. Soc. Wash. 61: 210–227.Google Scholar
Girault, A. A. 1917. New Australian chalcid-flies (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Insecutor Inscit. menstr. 61: 142–143.Google Scholar
Gourlay, E. S. 1930 a. Preliminary host-list of the entomophagous insects in New Zealand. N.Z. Dep. Sci. Indust. Res. 61: 3–13.Google Scholar
Gourlay, E. S. 1930 b. Some parasitic Hymenoptera of economic importance in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. 61: 339–343.Google Scholar
Hardy, G. H. 1924. A blowfly and some parasites. Queensland agric. J. 61: 349–350.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. H. and Tiegs, O. W.. 1921. On the biology and economic significance of the chalcid parasites of Australian sheep-maggot flies. Proc. roy. Soc. Queensland 61: 99–128.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. H. and Tiegs, O. W.. 1922. What part can chalcid wasps play in controlling Australian sheep-maggot flies? Queensland agric. J. 61: 128–131.Google Scholar
LaPlante, A. A. 1970. Beneficial insects. Hawaii Cooperative Economic Insect Report for April. 2 pp.Google Scholar
Legner, E. F. 1966. Parasites of the house fly and other filth-breeding Diptera in southern California. J. econ Ent. 61: 999–1001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legner, E. F. 1969. Adult emergence interval and reproduction in parasitic Hymenoptera influenced by host size and density. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 220–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legner, E. F., Bay, E. C., and White, E. B.. 1967. Activity of parasites from Diptera: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Fannia canicularis, and F. femoralis at sites on the Western Hemisphere. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 462–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legner, E. F. and Olton, G. S.. 1968. Activity of parasites from Diptera: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra II, at sites in the Eastern Hemisphere and Pacific Area. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 1306–1314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Legner, E. F. and Olton, G. S.. 1971. Distribution and relative abundance of dipterous pupae and their parasitoids in accumulations of domestic animal manure in the southwestern United States. Hilgardia 61: 505–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maple, J. D. 1947. The eggs and first instar larvae of Encyrtidae and their morphological adaptations for respiration. Univ. Calif. Publs Ent. 61: 25–122.Google Scholar
Miller, D. 1927. Parasitic control of sheep-maggot flies. N.Z. J. Agric. 61: 1–4.Google Scholar
Newman, L. J. 1928. Report of economic entomologist. A. Rep. Dep. Agric. W. Aust. 1927–28: 28–30.Google Scholar
Newman, L. J. 1929. Report of entomologist. A. Rep. Dep. Agric. W. Aust. 1928–29: 32–33.Google Scholar
Newman, L. J. and Andrewartha, H. G.. 1930. Blowfly parasite. The red-legged chalcid, Stenoterys fulvoventralis (Dodd). J. Dep. Agric. W. Aust. 61: 89–95.Google Scholar
Oatman, E. R., Platner, G. R., and Greany, P. D.. 1969. The biology of Orgilus lepidus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) a primary parasite of the potato tuberworm. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 1407–1414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olton, G. S. 1971. Bioecological studies of Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), parasitoid of synanthropic Diptera. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Risbec, J. 1956. Australomalotylus rageaui n. sp., Encyrtidae parasite de Sarchopaga sp. en Nouvelle-Caledonie. Annls parasit. hum. comp. 61: 169–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H.. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics with special reference to the biological sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York. 481 pp.Google Scholar