Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:23:07.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

BIOLOGY AND REARING OF PARAPHLEPSIUS IRRORATUS (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), A VECTOR OF PEACH X-DISEASE1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

L.N. Chiykowski
Affiliation:
Chemistry and Biology Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6

Abstract

A method of rearing Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say) under artificial conditions was developed by using a leguminous plant species as the oviposition host and a gramineous species as the food plant for nymphs. Nymphs completed their development on all 10 gramineous species tested. Total time for completion of the 5 nymphal instars ranged from 31.8 to 59.2 days, depending on the plant species used. With the exception of Alopecurus pratensis, all monocotyledonous species tested were found to be suitable food plants for nymphs, allowing 50% or more of the insects to survive for 3 weeks or more. Only 5 dicotyledonous species supported a similar survival level of nymphs. Adult survival remained above the 50% level on Apium graveolans var. dulce, 6 members of the Leguminosae, and all members of Composite with the exception of Callistephus chinensis. Survival of adult leafhoppers on monocotyledons was relatively high after 1 week but considerable mortality followed longer confinement. Although nymphs emerged from eggs laid on a wide range of plant species, the numbers recorded on monocotyledons suggest that monocots are important as oviposition hosts for P. irroratus in nature.

Résumé

Un mode d'élevage artificiel de Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say) a été mis au point en utilisant une légumineuse comme plante hôte d'oviposition et une graminée comme plante fourrage pour les nymphes. Celles-ci ont complété leur développement sur les 10 espèces de graminées testées. Le laps de temps nécessaire pour terminer les 5 stades nymphaux varie de 31,8 à 59,2 jours selon l'espèce végétale utilisée. À l'exception de Alopecurus pratensis, toutes les espèces monocotylédones s'avèrent des plantes four-rages convenables pour les nymphes, permettant à au moins 50% des insectes de survivre 3 semaines ou plus. Seules 5 espèces dicotylédones affichent un taux de survie comparable. La survie des adultes demeure supérieure à 50% sur Apium graveolens var. dulce, 6 représentants des Légumineuses et tous les membres des Composées, sauf Callistephus chinensis. La survie des adultes sur monocotylédones est relativement meilleure au bout de 1 semaine, mais un séjour plus prolongé entraîne une forte mortalité. Bien que des nymphes émergent des oeufs déposés sur toute une gamme d'espèces végétales, le nombre enregistré sur monocotylédones donne à penser que celles-ci sont des hôtes d'oviposition importants pour P. irroratus dans la nature.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chiykowski, L.N. 1965. Transmission of clover phyllody virus by the leafhopper Paraphlepsius irroratus (Say). Can. Ent. 97: 11711173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiykowski, L.N., and Sinha, R.C.. 1983. Herbaceous host plants of peach eastern X-disease agent. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 4: 8151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilmer, R.M., Palmiter, D.H., Schaefers, G.A., and McEwen, F.L.. 1966. Leafhopper transmission of X-disease virus of stone fruits in New York. N.Y. State Agric. Exp. (Geneva) Bull. 813. 22 pp.Google Scholar
Hamilton, K.G.A. 1975. Revision of the genera Paraphlepsius Baker and Pendarus Ball (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 96. 129 pp.Google Scholar
McClure, M.S. 1980. Spatial and seasonal distributions of leafhopper vectors of peach X-disease in Connecticut. Environ. Ent. 9: 668672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClure, M.S. 1982. Factors affecting colonization of an orchard by leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) vectors of peach X-disease. Environ. Ent. 11: 695699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClure, M.S., Andreadis, T.G., and Lacy, G.H.. 1982. Manipulating orchard ground cover to reduce invasion by leafhopper vectors of peach X-disease. J. econ. Ent. 75: 6468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, J.H.H. 1951. An annotated list of Hemiptera inhabiting sour cherry orchards in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario. Can. Ent. 83: 194205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberger, D.A., and Jones, A.L.. 1978. Leafhopper vectors of the peach X-disease pathogen and its seasonal transmission from chokecherry. Phytopathology 68: 782790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toboada, O., Rosenberger, D.A., and Jones, A.L.. 1975. Leafhopper fauna of X-diseased peach and cherry orchards in southwest Michigan. J. econ. Ent. 68: 225257.Google Scholar