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BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AND BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) VUILLIMEN FOR EUROPEAN CORN BORER CONTROL: PROGRAM FOR IMMEDIATE AND SEASON-LONG SUPPRESSION1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

L.C. Lewis  and
Lori Anderson Bing
L.C. Lewis
Affiliation:
Corn Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS-MWA, R.R. 3, Box 45B, Ankeny, Iowa, USA 50021
Lori Anderson Bing
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA 50011
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Abstract

Combinations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspecies kurstaki and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillimen formulated on granules were applied separately and in combination to field corn to suppress larval populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Research was conducted in 2 separate years. Laboratory-reared O. nubilalis eggs or larvae were placed on the plant during either the whorl stage (V6) or the pollen-shedding stage (R1) to simulate first- and second-generation O. nubilalis oviposition periods, respectively. Efficacy was determined by measuring the length of European corn borer tunnels in the corn stalk at harvest time. In the 1st year, first generation, and second generation (of 2nd year) B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana alone and in combination caused significant reductions in tunneling compared with that in the check populations. There were no significant differences in tunneling between any treatments in the second-generation study of year 1. Bacillus thuringiensis and B. bassiana were independent of each other in their suppression of insects. Tunneling by the naturally occurring second-generation larvae (year 2) was recorded to determine if B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana applied in the V6 stage persisted in the plant. Pith samples were excised from nodal plates 7–10 of the corn stalk to determine the incidence of B. bassiana. There was a significant correlation (r = −0.376) (P≤0.05) between the occurrence of B. bassiana in the corn plant and tunneling by second-generation larvae. These data indicate that B. bassiana placed in the whorl of the corn plant may provide season-long suppression of O. nubilalis.

Résumé

Des formulations de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, sous-espèce kurstaki et de Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillimen sur des granules ont été utilisés séparément et en mélanges sur le maïs de champs pour supprimer les populations larvaires de la pyrale de maïs, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Les études ont eu lieu pendant 2 années distinctes. Les oeufs ou les larves d’O. nubilalis élevés au laboratoire ont été placés sur la plante pendant le stade du verticille (V6) ou pendant le stade de la chute pollinique (R1) pour simuler les périodes de ponte de la première et de la deuxième génération d’O. nubilalis. respectivement. L’efficacité a été déterminée en mesurant la longueur des galeries de la pyrale de maïs dans la tige de maïs au moment de la moisson. Pour la première année et la première génération, et pour la deuxième génération de la deuxième année, B. thuringiensis et B. bassiana seuls et en mélange ont occasionné des diminutions de formation de galeries significatives à comparer à celles de la population témoin. Aucune diminution significative en formation de galeries entre les traitements de la deuxième génération de la première année n’a eu lieu. Bacillus thuringiensis et B. bassiana ont été indépendants l’un de l’autre concernant la suppression des insectes. La formation de galeries par la deuxième génération de larves (deuxième année), qui a paru naturellement, a été étudiée pour déterminer si B. thuringiensis et B. bassiana déposés au stade V6 ont persistes dans la plante. Des échantillons de la médule ont été coupés des plaques nodales 7–10 de la tige de maïs pour déterminer la fréquence d’apparence de B. bassiana. Une corrélation significative a eu lieu (r = −0,376) (P≤0,05) entre la présence de B. bassiana dans la plante de maïs et la formation de galeries par les larves de la deuxième génération. Ces données ont suggéré que B. bassiana mis dans le verticille de la plante de maïs pourrait fournir une suppression d’O. nubilalis pendant la durée de la saison.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 2 , April 1991 , pp. 387 - 393
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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