Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:59:37.794Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Associative learning and memory through metamorphosis in Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2021

Josué Sant’Ana ,
Roberta Tognon Open the ORCID record for Roberta Tognon [Opens in a new window] ,
Patrícia D.S. Pires  and
Patrícia L.F. Gregório
Josué Sant’Ana
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, PPG-Fitotecnia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Roberta Tognon*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, PPG-Fitotecnia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Patrícia D.S. Pires
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, PPG-Fitotecnia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Patrícia L.F. Gregório
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, PPG-Fitotecnia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Learning of chemical stimuli by insects can occur during the larval or adult life stage, resulting in changes in the imago chemotaxic behaviour. There is little information on learning in Tortricidae, and associative learning through metamorphosis is unknown in this group. Here, we evaluate the influence of olfactory aversive learning in Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) during the immature stage and determine if memory persists after metamorphosis. Larvae (10–12 days old) were conditioned to associate the odour of ethyl acetate with pulses of aversive electric shock. Insects were exposed to air, to the ethyl acetate odour, and to shock, in isolation or combination. After conditioning, both larvae and adults were tested in a two-choice olfactometer. Larvae exposed only to air or ethyl acetate increased legibility. Larvae trained with ethyl acetate and shock simultaneously exhibited significant avoidance to ethyl acetate. Avoidance was still present for at least 72 hours after metamorphosis. Thus, G. molesta has the ability to associate an odour to an aversive stimulus precociously, and this association is maintained through metamorphosis and persists into adulthood.

Type
Scientific Note
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 153 , Issue 6 , December 2021 , pp. 666 - 671
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of Canada

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Suzanne Blatt

References

Arioli, C.J., Molinari, F., Botton, M., and Garcia, M.S. 2007. Técnica de criação de Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) em laboratório utilizando dieta artificial para a produção de insetos visando estudos de comportamento e controle. Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento: Embrapa Uva e Vinho Bento Goncalves, 13: 1–13.Google Scholar
Aso, Y., Siwanowics, I., Bräker, L., Ito, K., Kitamoto, T., and Tanimoto, H. 2010. Specific dopaminergic neurons for the formation of labile aversive memory. Current Biology, 20: 1445–1451.10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.048CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayres, M., Ayres, M. Jr, Ayres, D.L., and Santos, A.A.S. 2007. BioEstat 5.0 aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das ciências bio-médicas. Belém, Brasil.Google Scholar
Blackiston, D.J., Casey, E.S., and Weiss, M.R. 2008. Retention of memory through metamorphosis: can a moth remember what it learned as a larva? PLOS One, 3: e1736. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dacks, A.M., Riffel, J.A., Martin, J.P., Gage, S.J., and Nighorn, A.J. 2012. Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 108: 539–550.10.1152/jn.00159.2012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dudai, Y. 2002. Memory from A to Z: keywords, concepts, and beyond. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18: 777–786.Google Scholar
Giurfa, M. and Sandoz, J.-C. 2012. Invertebrate learning and memory: fifty years of olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response in honeybees. Learning and Memory, 19: 54–66.10.1101/lm.024711.111CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, A.D. 1916. Economic investigations of the scolytid bark and timber beetles of North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture Program of Work, 1917: 353.Google Scholar
Kandel, E.R. 2001. The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science, 294: 1030–1038.10.1126/science.1067020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khurana, S., Baker, M.B.A., and Siddiqi, O. 2009. Odor avoidance learning in the larva of Drosophila melanogaster . Journal of Biosciences, 34: 621–631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, R.W. and Matthews, J.R. 2010. Insect behavior. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, United States of America.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, C.T., Hull, L.A., and Krawczyk, G. 2007. Effects of orchard host plants (apple and peach) on development of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 100: 421–430.10.1093/jee/100.2.421CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauls, D., Pfitzenmaier, J.E.R., Krebs-Wheaton, R., Selcho, M., Stocher, R.F., and Thum, A.S. 2010. Electric shock-induced associative olfactory learning in Drosophila larvae. Chemical Senses, 35: 335–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pavlov, I.P. 1927. Conditioned reflexes: an investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Pszczolkowski, M.A. and Brown, J. 2005. Single experience learning of host fruit selection by lepidopteran larvae. Physiology and Behavior, 86: 168–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sant’Ana, J. and Gregório, P.L.F. 2016. Olfactory and learning in Grapholita molesta . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 160: 40–46.10.1111/eea.12456CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanks, D.R. 1990. Connectionism and the learning of probabilistic concepts. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 42: 209–237.Google ScholarPubMed
Squire, L.R. and Kandel, E.R. 1999. Memory: from mind to molecules. Scientific American Library, New York, New York, United States of America.Google Scholar
Tully, T., Cambiazo, V., and Kruse, L. 1994. Memory through metamorphosis in normal and mutant Drosophila . Journal of Neuroscience, 14: 68–74.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-01-00068.1994CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, Y., Mamiya, A., Chiang, A.S., and Zhong, Y. 2008. Imaging of an early memory trace in the Drosophila mushroom body. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28: 4368–4376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed